Python

Python

1. string-built in functions

   • variable.upper()
   • variable.lower()
   • variable.capitalize()
   • len(variable)
     • show the caracter long of a string[for exampl: 'python' has 6 caracter long]
   • ord(variable)
     • the output of this function is the unicode value of a string
   • chr(variable)
     • show in the consol the string wich has the unicode value detected
   • type(variable)

2. Data types

   • text
     • str 'the text'
   • Numeric
     • int[integer numbers]
     • float[decimal numbes]
     • Complex[complex numbers]
   • Saquence
     • tuple(Uchangeable collection)
       • the basecs tuple built-in functions are the same as list exept wich who can modifie the elements
         • min()|max()|sum()|index()|count()|sorted()
     • set{Don't store similar Data,its elements are unordered}
       • the basecs set built-in functions are
         • add() 'to add elements'|discard()'to remove an element wich we don't know if it's present or not'|update()'to add the elmenets of alist to another list'|
     • LIst[collection]
       • To extract an index from a list use : List name[index number]
       • To change an index in a list use : list name[index number]="the new index"
       • to extract a sub-list from a list use: list name[start index:end index]
       • to pack tow lists in one list (separated by [])use: pack name=[list1,list2]
       • to unpackyow lists(make their indexs in one list)use: pack name=[*list1,*list2]
   • Boolean
     • True
     • False
     • bool(condition using the mathimatical operators)
       • Exampl : bool(3 ==4)
         • the output is False

3. Numeric functions

   • round(a float variable)
     • return the float number with a specify number of decimal numbers
   • max(variable1, vairable2)
     • return the maximum number between tow numbers or more
   • divmod(variable1,variable2)
     • return the quotion of the division of tow numbers
   • pow(variable, the power)
   • abs(variable)
     • return the absolute value of a number
   • min(variable1, variable2)
     • return the minimum number between tow numbers or more

4. List built-in functions

   • list name.index(the index number)
     • output the element wich represent the index detected
   • lisr name.clear()
     • remove all the elements of a list(clear a list)
   • del(list name[index number]
     • The same as pop function
   • list name.pop(index number)
     • remove an element using its index number
   • list name.Sort()
     • order the list elements ascendingly
   • list name.append(the element)
     • add a element to a list
   • list name.count(the element)
     • return the number of occurences of an element
   • list name.remove(the element)
     • remove an element from a list
   • list name.reserve()
     • order the list elements desendingly

5. dictionary

   • caracterized by a key and its value (dt={'key':'value'})
     • dictionary built-in fuctions are: dict.fromkeys(key,value):to creat a dictionary|pop()|clear()|update()|

6. loops

   • While loop:
     • while means that we tell the program to run a code while the given condition stays true,and stop it when it turn to false
     • To avoide the infiniti loops we should add the incramentation like (i+=1) it means that after every loop we add 1 to 'i'
     • The while loop syntax is : "while condition: code"
   • For loop

7. Functions

   • def Function_Name (Argument Or Keyword_Argument='parameter'):
     • to execute the function we need to call it using its name
     • Arguments
       • informations that we pass in the function as arguments(the values given in the calling of the function are ordered the same way as the arguments given in the function
       • Arbitrary arguments
         • *args: we use it whene we don't know the number of arguments
     • Keyword arguments
       • they are arguments with values we write: Keyword_Argument=Value
       • Arbitrary keyword argumens
         • **kwargs: we use it whene we don't know the number of keywod arguments
   • if we had a function with a simpl syntax we can define it using:
     • variable= lambda arguments:code