Hormones

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Hormones, fertility, menstrual cycle and nerves
George Buznea
Mind Map by George Buznea, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Tia Eve
Created by Tia Eve about 8 years ago
George Buznea
Copied by George Buznea about 2 years ago
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Resource summary

Hormones
  1. Chemical messengers sent in the blood
    1. Carried in blood plasma to other parts of the body
      1. Only affect target cells in particular places
        1. Have long lasting effects
      2. Control things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment
      3. Produced in and secreted by various glands
        1. The pituitary gland
          1. Produces important hormones including FSH and LH
          2. Ovaries
            1. Produce oestrogen
              1. Involved in menstrual cycle
          3. Difference between nerves and hormones
            1. Nerves
              1. 1) Very FAST action 2) Act for a SHORT TIME 3) Act on a PRECISE AREA
              2. Hormones
                1. 1) SLOWER action 2) Act for a LONG TIME 3) Act in a GENERAL way
              3. Menstrual cycle
                1. Four stages
                  1. Day 1 is when the bleeding starts. The uterus lining breaks down for about four days
                    1. The lining of the uterus builds up again from day 4 to 14 into a thick spongy layer full of blood vessels, ready to receive a fertilised egg
                      1. An egg is released from the ovary at day 14
                        1. The wall is then maintained for about 14 days, until day 28. If no fertilised egg has landed on the uterus wall by day 28 the spongy lining starts to break down again and the whole cycle starts again
                  2. Three main hormones
                    1. FSH (Folicle-Stimulating Hormone)
                        1. Causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries
                          1. Stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
                          2. LH (Luteinsing Hormone)
                            1. Produced by the pituitary gland
                              1. Stimulates the release of an egg at around the middle of the menstrual cycle
                              2. Oestrogen
                                1. Produced in the ovaries
                                  1. Causes pituitary to produce LH
                                    1. Inhibits further release of FSH
                                2. Reducing fertility
                                  1. Oestrogen
                                    1. Taken everyday egg development and production stop
                                    2. Progesterone
                                      1. Stimulates the production of thick cervical mucus which prevents sperm getting through
                                      2. The pill
                                        1. First made in 1950s and contained high levels of oestrogen and progestorone
                                          1. Link between blood clots so lower doses of oestrogen now
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