441161
Description
Mind Map by mollymalone98, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by mollymalone98
over 10 years ago
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The origins of the Cold War 1945-1955
- Conflicting Political Ideology
- USA
- Capitalism
- free elections
- private profit
- free elections
- Capitalism
- USSR
- Communism
- Totalitarian dictator
- One party state
- Totalitarian dictator
- Communism
- USA
- Yalta and Potsdam 1945
- Yalta (February)
- '"Big three"
- Joseph Stalin
- wanted Germany to suffer and
create a buffer zone of friendly
states around Russia
- Believed that America and Britain had
delayed opening the second front
(attacking France) to let Germany and
Russia destroy each other on the eastern
front.
- Believed that America and Britain had
delayed opening the second front
(attacking France) to let Germany and
Russia destroy each other on the eastern
front.
- wanted Germany to suffer and
create a buffer zone of friendly
states around Russia
- Franklin Roosevelt
- wanted Germany to recover as a trading partner
- Angry about the Nazi-Soviet
Pact that was a major factor in
starting the Second World War.
- Angry about the Nazi-Soviet
Pact that was a major factor in
starting the Second World War.
- wanted Germany to recover as a trading partner
- Winston Churchill
- Joseph Stalin
- Principles of peace settlement
- Germany was to be divided into four
zones: Britain, France, USA, USSR
- Berlin was also to be divided as it was
unfair to have the capital in the Soviet
zone
- Stalin was to have some
influence in Eastern Europe
- the countries would
chose their government
under free elections
- Declaration of Liberated Europe
- Declaration of Liberated Europe
- the countries would
chose their government
under free elections
- Germany would pay reparations
- Germany was to be divided into four
zones: Britain, France, USA, USSR
- '"Big three"
- Potsdam (July)
- New "Big Three"
- Roosevelt had died and was
replaced by Harry S. Truman
- Truman became president in 1945,
determined to confront Communism
- "The Russians only understand one language - how many armies
have you got? I'm tired of babying the Soviets." - Harry S Truman,
1945
- "The Russians only understand one language - how many armies
have you got? I'm tired of babying the Soviets." - Harry S Truman,
1945
- Truman became president in 1945,
determined to confront Communism
- Churchill had lost the
general election and
was replaced by
Clement Atlee
- hostile environment
- Roosevelt had died and was
replaced by Harry S. Truman
- In Poland, Stalin had arrested the non-communists
and refused democratic elections to take place
- Reparations were to be taken from the allied zones
- 10% of each to Stalin
- 10% of each to Stalin
- New "Big Three"
- Yalta (February)
- Hiroshima bomb
- 8:15 a.m. on 6 August 1945
- atom bomb
- 78 000 died outright
- 3 days later, a bomb was
dropped in Nagasaki
- 74 000 died
- Japan surrendered
- Japan surrendered
- 74 000 died
- 78 000 died outright
- increased tension
- At Yalta it was
agreed Russia would
help against Japan
- Japan surrendered
before Russian
troops arrived
- Japan surrendered
before Russian
troops arrived
- Truman had not
told Stalin of the
bomb technology
- Soviets felt threatened - USA
ensured their global domination
- At Yalta it was
agreed Russia would
help against Japan
- 8:15 a.m. on 6 August 1945
- Truman Doctrine, March 1947
- As Soviet power continued
to spread in Eastern Europe,
communists in both Greece
and Turkey were threatening
to take control
- Britain announced they could not longer help
- USA was not willing
to stand by while
their European
trading partners fell
to communism
- Britain announced they could not longer help
- Truman declared in a
speech that USA would
help any nation threatened
by communism
- according to this policy, Europe had
been forced into communism by the
Soviets
- $400 million was
given as aid to
Greece and Turkey
- according to this policy, Europe had
been forced into communism by the
Soviets
- As Soviet power continued
to spread in Eastern Europe,
communists in both Greece
and Turkey were threatening
to take control
- Marshall Plan, June 1947
- US general George Marshall visits Europe
- returns convinced the war-torn
countries will turn communist
- so came up with the
Marshall plan to help
them recover so would
be strong enough to
resist communism
- strong European trade
- strong European trade
- so came up with the
Marshall plan to help
them recover so would
be strong enough to
resist communism
- returns convinced the war-torn
countries will turn communist
- Congress hesitated at first
- February 1948, Stalinist
communist organised a
strike in Czechoslovakia
and seized power. Jan
Masaryk, the only
remaining
non-communist leader,
was found dead
- Congress approved of Marshall Aid on 31
March 1948
- Congress approved of Marshall Aid on 31
March 1948
- February 1948, Stalinist
communist organised a
strike in Czechoslovakia
and seized power. Jan
Masaryk, the only
remaining
non-communist leader,
was found dead
- US general George Marshall visits Europe
- Marshall Aid
- set up a fund of
$15 billion
- These nations included allies such
as Britain - who got the most, France and Italy. They
also included former enemies such
as West Germany
- Dollar Imperialism
- Stalin realised that Marshall Aid would
make the countries of eastern Europe
more dependent on USA than USSR
- Stalin claimed tbe USA was trying
to build an empire, controlling
European industry and trade
- Stalin claimed tbe USA was trying
to build an empire, controlling
European industry and trade
- Stalin realised that Marshall Aid would
make the countries of eastern Europe
more dependent on USA than USSR
- Dollar Imperialism
- Between 1948 and 1950,
industrial production rose by
25%
- communists lost their influence
- communists lost their influence
- These nations included allies such
as Britain - who got the most, France and Italy. They
also included former enemies such
as West Germany
- set up a fund of
$15 billion
- Cominform and Comecon
- Cominform
- 1947 - communist leaders from all over
the world were summoned to a
conference in Warsaw
- the Communist
Informaion Bureau was
created
- designed to reestablish information
exchanged among communist countries and
protect communist states from US aggression
- 1948, Stalin expelled Tito of
communist Yugoslavia as he
would not give in to Stalin's
wishes
- this suggested to the West that
Stalin wanted complete control of
the communist world
- this suggested to the West that
Stalin wanted complete control of
the communist world
- 1948, Stalin expelled Tito of
communist Yugoslavia as he
would not give in to Stalin's
wishes
- designed to reestablish information
exchanged among communist countries and
protect communist states from US aggression
- the Communist
Informaion Bureau was
created
- 1947 - communist leaders from all over
the world were summoned to a
conference in Warsaw
- Comecon
- 1949 Stalin introduced the Molotov plan
- established the council of
Mutual Economic Assistance
(Comecon)
- Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Poland, East Germany
- Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Poland, East Germany
- established the council of
Mutual Economic Assistance
(Comecon)
- 1949 Stalin introduced the Molotov plan
- the USA saw Cominform and Comecon
as serious threats as it secured Stalin's
control over communism and his
satellite states, as they could no longer
accept Marshall Aid
- Cominform
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