LANGUAGE

LANGUAGE

1. 1. IMPORTANT

   • 2. CONVENTIONAL
     • 3. REPRESENTATIONAL
       • 4. SOCIAL
   • CHARACTERISTICS:

2. physical production

3. semantic (meaning)

4. syntaxis (grammar)

5. etiquette

6. 3 levels

   • LINGUISTIC LEVEL: meanings & use
     • NOT a linguistic act if: not meaningful words, wrong gramatic, not relation between meanings
       • WHEN YOU CAN MAKE SENSE OUT OF THEM, THEN THEY ARE LINGUISTIC ACTS.
         • If you "utter" or "enunciate" or "say" or "spit out", then you perform a linguistic act
   • SPEECH ACT LEVEL: doesnt affect actions
     • If you "state" or "question" or "command" or "apologize", or "thinking", "promising", "swearing", and "refusing", or "warn" you perform a speech act
       • THEREBY TEST: If I say, ”I ____” in the appropriate circumstances, then I thereby ____.
       • ARGUING IS A SPEECH ACT
   • CONVERSATIONAL LEVEL: persuading
     • If you "inform" or "frighten" or "persuade", of "alert" then you perform a conversational act.
       • TO BRING ABOUT AN INTENDED EFFECT IN THE WORLD
         • a conversational act DOES NOT OCCUR IF THE EFFECT DOES NOT OCCUR
           • PAUL GRICE
     • CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATIONS (you can cancel it in the conversation) ARE DIFFERENT FROM LOGICAL IMPLICATIONS (cannot be cancelled)

7. referential or descriptive view: not useful for arguments, many words are not descriptive

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