Digestive System

Digestive System

1. mouth cavity

   • vestibule of the mouth
     • slit like space
     • bound externally by the lips and cheeks
   • mouth cavity proper
     • bounded by
       • ant+later
         • gums
         • teeth
       • post
         • communicates with the pharynx through the ismuth of fauces
           • ismuth is bounded by the palato-glossal arch on each side
       • roof
         • hard and soft palate
       • floor
         • anterior 2/3 of the tongue

2. salivary glands

   • paired parotid
   • sublingual
   • paired submandibular
   • numerous small glands scattered throughout the mouth cavity

3. pharynx

   • musculomembranous tube
   • post
     • mouth
     • nose
     • larynx
   • extends from the base of the skull
     • to the C6
       • WHERE it joins the osephagus

4. osephagus

   • long muscular tube(10 inch)
   • extends through
     • neck
     • thorax
     • abdomen
   • begins as a lower continuation of the pharynx
   • ends at the caridac end of the stomach
   • parts
     • cervical
       • opposite the lower border of the circoid cartilage
       • C6
     • thoracic
       • longest and the main part
       • it lies in the super. then post. mediastina
     • abdominal
       • shortest
       • enter abdomen through an opening in the right crus of the diaphragm

5. Pancreas

   • It`s a combined exocrine&endocrine glan
     • lies transversly across the posterior abdominal wall
   • extends from the concavity of the duodenum on the R.side
   • to the spleen on the L.side
   • parts
     • head
     • neck
     • body
     • tail
     • lower part forms a projection
       • uncinate process
   • ducts
     • main
       • unites with the comm.bile.duct
         • to form ampulla of veter
           • open in 2nd duodenum
             • in A.v
     • accessory
       • opens in the 2nd part of the duodenum
         • above ampulla of vater

6. liver

   • shape
     • wedge
     • covered by peritoneum except small area on the posterior surface
       • bare area
   • lobes
     • R.
       • LARGER
     • L.
     • QUADRATE
     • CAUDATE
     • 2 LOBES SEPARATED BY A PERITONEUM FOLD
       • falciform ligament
   • blood supply
     • portal vein
       • 75%
       • carries nutrients and substances absorbed from GIT
     • heaptic art.
       • 25%
   • PORTA HEPATIS(HILUM OF LIVER)
     • PORTAL.V.
     • HEPATIC.ART.
     • COMM. HEP. BILE DUCT

7. Biliary sys

   • gall bladder+biliary duct
   • GALL BLADDER
     • pear-shaped
     • situated on the inf.sur.of liver
     • 3 parts
       • fundus
         • R.9TH C.C.
       • BODY
       • NECK
     • BILIARY DUCTS
       • hepatic duct
         • R.+L.
           • ONE FROM each lobe
           • in front of the 2 branches of portal v.+hep.art.
           • unit in the right part of porta hepatis
             • comm.hep.duct
       • Comm.hep.duct
         • 1inch long
         • descends in front of portal v.+R. HEP.ART
         • + CYSTIC= BILE DUCT
       • CYSTIC DUCT
         • 1.5 inch long
         • s-shaped
         • joins com.hep.duct at an acute angle just below the porta hepatis
       • bile duct
         • 3 inch
         • joins pan.duct. to form ampulla of vater
           • which open in post.wall.of 2nd duod.below its middle
             • the opening is guarded by the sphincter of oddi

Images and files in the map