Nucleic Acids: entrega.uribe_4

Nomenclature
1. According to the attached molecules
  1. Sugar+Nitrogenous base = Nucleoside (also known as aglicone)
    1. Nucleoside + phosphate = Nucleotide
      1. Nucleotide 1 + ... + Nucleotide n = Nucleic Acid
2. According to the ammount of phosphate gropus
  1. monophosphate
  2. Diphosphate
  3. Triphosphate
Main types
1. ARN: Ribonucleic acid
  1. Bases
    1. A , G, U and C
  2. Sugar
    1. Desoxyrribose
  3. Functions
    1. Genetic information intracell messenger: RNAm
    2. Genetic information transport: RNAt
2. ADN: Desoxyribonucleic acid
  1. Bases
    1. A,T,G and C
  2. Functions
    1. Genetic information storage
  3. Sugar
    1. Ribose
  4. Structure
    1. Double helicoidal strand
    2. Phosphoric acid (outside); nitrogenous bases (inside)
Composed by nucleotides
1. Structure
  1. Are composed by
    1. 5 carbon sugar (β-D-ribofuranose)
      1. Desoxyrribose
      2. Ribose
    2. Nitrogenous base
      1. Pirimidines
        Cytosine (C)
        Uracil (U)
        Thymine (T)
      2. Purines
        Adenine (A)
        Guanine (G)
    3. Phosphoric acid
  2. General aspects
    1. Covalent N-glycosidic bond between C-1'(anomeric carbon of the sugar)
      1. And
        N-1 of the pirimidinic ring
        N-9 of the purinic ring
    2. 1 or more phosphate groups esterified to the hydroxyl group of the sugar or another -OH grups present in phosphoric acid
      1. Linear arrangement
      2. Cyclic arrangement
2. Physicochemical properties
  1. Ionic
    1. Acidic behaviour
    2. many pKa's
      1. Ionic dissotiation equilibrium
    3. Can be feasibly crystalized
  2. Complex formation
    1. Phosphate groups have affinity towards divalent cations
    2. Are involved into phosphate transference enzymatic reactions
  3. UV light absrobance
    1. Allows to identify then by using spectrophotometric methods

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Nucleic Acids: entrega.uribe_4

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	Created by julio.urpad.upc about 10 years ago