LOBES

LOBES

1. FRONTAL

   • Motor Bx, Expressive Language & Higher-Order Cognitive fxs
   • Primary Motor Cortex
     • Part of pyramidal system Controls vol movement Lesions --> contralateral motor weakness, paralysis, &/or apraxia (disruption in the coordination of complex purposeful movement)
     • "Intentional Movement"
   • Premotor Cortex
     • Anterior to primary motor cortex Active during performance of primary motor actions & when observing others perform familiar motor actions
   • Broca's Area
     • 1 of Primary language areas  For most, left frontal lobe Damage --> EXPRESSIVE Aphasia (deficits in written & spoken language) speak slowly and with great difficulty, usually only nouns and verbs, poor articulation, have difficulty repeating phrases, have anomia and an awareness of their deficits
     • "Impoverished Speech"
   • Prefrontal Cortex
     • Higher-Order cognitive fxs Damage Dorsolateral Prefrontal Area --> "dysexecutive sydrome" - difficulties px-solving, planning and abstract thinking Damage to Medial Frontal area--> "pseudodepression" - apathy, lack of motivation and spontaneous movement, and reduced verbal output Damage to Orbitofrontal area --> "pseudopsychopathy" - sexual disinhibition, course language, peculiar and facetious sense of humor, inappropriate social bs and lack of concern for others.
     • "Executive Functions"
   • D/Os: ADHD, Schizophrenia, Bipolar & Broca's Aphasia
   • "The Executive"

2. PARIETAL

   • "The Touch"
   • Processes Touch-Pressure, Kinesthesia, Pain & Temperature
   • D/Os: Anosognosia, Ideomotor Apraxia, Contralateral Neglect & Gertstmann's Syndrome
   • Somatosensory Cortex
     • "Somatosensory Input"

3. OCCIPITAL

   • "The Mind's Eye"
   • Visual Processing
   • Visual Cortex
     • "Visual Info"
   • D/Os: Cortical Blindness, Loss of Depth Perception, Visual Agnosia & Other Visual Disturbances

4. TEMPORAL

   • Auditory Processing & Receptive Language
   • Auditory Cortex
     • Mediation of auditory input Damage --> Auditory Agnosia (can't distinguish sounds) Auditory Hallucinations, & other auditory pxs
     • "Auditory Sensation & Perception"
   • Wernicke's Area
     • Usually LTL & involved in comprehension of language DAMAGE --> Wernicke's (RECEPTIVE) Aphasia - trouble understanding language and produce fluent speech that is normal in rate, rhythm, & articulation but makes no sense. 
     • "Understanding Language"
   • "The Auditor"
   • D/Os: Auditory Agnosia, Hallucinations, Deafness, Wernicke's Aphasia

5. Damage at Occipital-Parietal-Temporal = Prosopagnosia

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