Ethanol

Ethanol

1. Ethanol is toxic.

2. 15% = Kills the yeast cells that made it, stopping fermentation.

3. Stronger drink = Heat fermentation mixture.

4. Ethanol boils at a lower temperature than water, so the fraction of the liquid that boils first will contain a higher percentage of ethanol.

   • This vapour is condensed to produce stronger drinks.
     • This process is called fractional distillation.

5. Pure ethanol will boil at 78 degrees celsius.

6. Ethanol can be made by reacting ethene with steam in the presence of a catalyst. This is called hydration = Ethene and water.

7. ethene + steam + catalyst = ethanol

   • C2H4 (G) + H2O (G) = C2H5OH (L)

8. Ethene is produced from crude oil.

9. A small amount of ethene occurs naturally in the petroleum gases that are found with the oil.

10. Large amounts of ethene are made by cracking larger molecules in the higher-boiling fractions of crude oil.

11. Fuels made from plant crops are called biofuels.

12. Fermentation = 15% concentration

13. Fractional distillation = 95% pure

14. Heating ethanol to a high temperature in the presence of a suitable catalyst produces ethene and steam (dehydration).

15. ethanol + catalyst = ethene and steam

    • C2H5OH (G) = C2H4 (G) + H2O (G)