Book Notes

Page 1

microelectronics -> integrated-circuit (IC) technology that is capable of producing circuits that contain billions of components

microprocessor (microcomputer) -> a complete digital computer that is made up of a microelectronic circuit

1.1

signal processing -> process that is mostly used by machines to decipher the meaning behind signals. To do this the signal must first be converted into an electrical signal, voltage or current.

transducers -> devices that convert raw signals into electrical signals

Thevenin form -> voltage source and equivalent resistor

Norton form -> current source and equivalent resistor

1.2

frequency spectrum -> useful characterization of a signal

Fourier transform and series -> provide the means for representing a voltage or current signal as a sum or sinusoidal waves

root-mean square value -> peak value of sinusoidal divided by the square root of 2

fundamental frequency -> the sum of sinusoidals that approximates to a square wave

frequency spectrum (line spectrum) -> graph of amplitude of wavelength as the frequency changes

audio band -> 20Hz to 20kHz, range of audible sounds for humans

1.3

analogue signal -> signal that continuously variates over time. Signals are processed by analogue circuits.

digital signal -> a number is assigned to represent a signal magnitude at an instant in time. Signal is only considered noncontinuous if we limit the amount of digits that are considered

1.4

amplifier -> magnifies input signal by a factor. Need DC power supplies.

voltage gain -> takes and input signal and provides an output signal that makes a load resistor use the same amount of voltage that the input signal was equal to. Gain for this is found by the out voltage divided by the in voltage. In decibels is 20 times the log of the gain.

power gain -> load power divided by the input power. Hint: power is equal to voltage time current. In decibels is 10 times the log of gain

current gain -> output current divided by the input current. In decibels is 20 times the log of gain.

Power delivered to the load is more than the power released from the source when amplifier is used. This is because amplifiers need two power supplies, one high and one low.

To find the power delivered to the amplifier, add the power delivered from the high voltage source and the power released to the low voltage source

power efficiency -> load power divided by the power delivered to the amplifier and then the quantity to multiplied by 100

1.5

voltage amplifiers -> pgs 23 & 24

Amplifier relationship chart is on pg 28.

1.6

transfer function (amplifier transmission) -> magnitude is equal to output voltage function divided by the input voltage function. Angle of function is given by the phase angle.

amplifier bandwidth -> gain of amplifier is almost constant within a certain number of decibels

For high pass filters, as frequency increases so does amplitude. For low pass filters, as frequency increases ten amplitude decreases.

Forms of high and low pass filter equations is on pg 36.