Flashcards
Philosophy Segment 3 Test
Flashcards do conjunto (56)
- 1EpistemologyThe study of knowledge/how do we know something
- 2Rationalism/RationalistThe position stressing on the role of the intellect or reason/people are born with innate knowledge discovered through reason
- 3Empiricism/EmpiricistThe position stressing the role of sense of experience/ People are born as "blank slate" discovering knowledge through experience
- 4"I think therefore I am"Descartes
- 5Innate IdeasTheories which teach that the mind in some way possesses at least fundamental ideas or intellectual structures from birth
- 6IntuitionThe faculty by which truths are grasped immediately, without the intervention of sense/Experience or other ideas
- 7DeductionThe faculty by which subsequent truths are known with necessity from intuited, or from intuited truths taken together with other deduced truths
- 8Universal ConceptsThe foundations of subsequent reasoning
- 9Intellectual AbstractionRemoving or separating something from something else
- 10Simple IdeasContributed by sensation and reflection
- 11Complex IdeasConstructed from the simple ideas by means of combining, comparing, and abstracting
- 12A prioriKnowledge before-innate (prior to)
- 13A posterioriKnowledge after- experience (posterior)
- 14Analytic KnowledgeStatements true in themselves
- 15Synthetic KnowledgeSynthetic statements-give info about reality
- 16Phenomenal World/RealitySense world/ Tends toward determinism/ Laws of nature
- 17Noumenal World/RealityRealm that must exist but can't prove
- 18Tabula Rasablank tablet
- 19Epistemological DualismThe view that there are 2 factors involved in knowing: the mind which does the knowing, and its ideas, which are known
- 20The Ecocentric PredicamentOur hopeless inability to get outside our own minds and ideas
- 21Perceptions, Impressions, and IdeasHume
- 22PerceptionsDivided into impressions and ideas
- 23ImpressionsVivid or lively sensations
- 24IdeasSort of pale copies of impressions
- 25PhenomenalismThe phenomena or appearances that are presented to us in our perceptions
- 26Relations of Ideasideas that, simply by virtue of their meanings and relations, are necessarily or logically true, but therefore irrelevant for the world of reality
- 27Matters of FactIdeas that bear upon and inform us about the world of reality, but that can never be certain because they derived from specific experiences
- 28Natural LawTranscendent principles about ultimate right and wrong that are authoritative for all people at all times-discovered by reason
- 29TheologyThe study of God
- 30Natural TheologyThe study or science or knowledge of God through the natural intellect/Man grasping truth about God from reason/natural intellect
- 31Revealed TheologyKnowledge of God by means of a special revelation/God makes himself known by special revelation
- 32MysticismFound in many religions-a more radical practice with the goal of pursuing of a unitive experience with transcendent reality-connecting with God or another reality
- 33Western MysticismStill leaning toward intellectual approach
- 34Eastern MysticismMore Meditative
- 35Thomistic Version (Cosmological Argument)No matter how long the world has existed-or even if it has always existed-it is contingent or dependent upon something else for its existence and,finally, on Something which is not dependent
- 36Popular Version (Cosmological Argument)It is impossible that the world has always existed, for that would mean that an infinite number of years has already gone by, but that is impossible because it is self-contradictory. Time must therefore have a beginning
- 37Descartes' Two Operations of the Mind1. Intuition
2. Deduction - 38Aristotle and St. Thomas: 3 Stages of Knowledge1. Particular things in the sensible world
2. Universal concept in the mind
3. Knowledge of the world utilizing universal concept - 39Material Substance in the External World (Hume's Analysis of Substance)Underlies the sensible qualities in the external world
- 40Mental Substance in the Internal World (Hume's Analysis of Substance)Underlies our intellectual activities
- 41Hume's Analysis of CausalityDerived from some relation among objects and that relation we must now endeavor to discover
- 42St. Thomas' Five Ways1. Argument from motion
2. Nature of efficient cause
3. Taken from possibility and necessity, and runs thus
4. Taken from the gradation to be found in things
5. Taken from the governance of the world - 43The Teleological Argument"The Design Argument"
Employs the idea of causality(a posteriori) - 44TeleologyPurpose, Design
- 45Paley's Watch AnalogyArgued that the human eyeball demands an intelligent creator no less than a watch
- 46Theistic EvolutionThe belief that God uses natural evolutionary processes to bring about his desired effect
- 47Intelligent DesignA theory of biological origins and development; claims that intelligent causes are necessary to explain the complex, information-rich structures of biology, and these causes are empirically detectable
- 48Hume's Criticism Of Divine CausalityCausality is limited to the sensible world because we know it only through sense experience/ We have no grounds for applying it to a transcendent God
- 49Kant's Criticism of Divine CausalityCausality is limited to the sensible world because it is constitutive of sense experience, it is part of what experience means/ It, therefore, has no possible application to transcendent God
- 50Sensory ConsciousnessAwareness of images produced in our minds through sense experience or sensible objects in the external world
- 51Intellectual ConsciousnessAwareness of pure(non-sensible) ideas in our minds
- 52BrahmanIn Hinduism, the impersonal, supreme reality, the origin and nature of all things
- 53Four Noble Truths1. Life is permeated by suffering
2. The origin of suffering lies with desire
3. The cessation of suffering is possible through the cessation of desire
4. The way to the latter is the Eightfold Noble Path - 54Eightfold Noble Path1. Right views
2. Right aspiration
3. Right speech
4. Right conduct
5. Right effort
6. Right mindfulness
7. Right contemplation
8. Right livelihood - 55ZenEmphasizing especially meditation exercises leading to satori or sudden enlightenment
- 56SatoriThe central experience sought by disciples especially of Zen Buddhism, consisting of sudden, inward illumination of the describable oneness of everything
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- Veterinary Medicine FlashCards sobre Philosophy Segment 3 Test, criado por Mackenzie Bartels em 08-10-2017.
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- Mackenzie Bartels
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