Flashcards
Ethics
Flashcards do conjunto (12)
- 1What is plagiarism?- presenting the work and ideas of other people and passing them off as your own, without acknowledging the original source of the ideas used
- copying without proper acknowledgement or reference
- paraphrasing others without acknowledgement
- buying ready made material from professional writer
- to avoid it, clear references that mark the work of others have to be made - 2What is ethics?- set of beliefs about right or wrong behaviour
- set of standards of behaviour expected of an individual by a group
- moral code: set of rules, establishes boundaries of generally accepted behaviour, different rules often have contradictions - 3What are the key principles in research ethics?protection of research participants
1. ensuring that no harm comes to participants
2. respecting dignity of participants
3. ensuring fully informed consent of participants
4. protecting privacy of participants
5. ensuring confidentiality of data
6. protecting anonymity of individuals/organisations
protection of integrity of research community
7. avoid deception about nature or aims of research
8. declaration of affiliations, funding sources and conflicts of interest
9. honesty and transparency in communicating about research
10. avoidance of any misleading or false reporting of research findings - 4What is the importance of integrity?integrity = quality of being honest and having strong moral principles
- integrity is a cornerstone of ethical behavior
- lack of integrity emerges if you apply moral standards differently according to situation or people involved
- many ethical dilemmas are not as simple as right or wrong - 5What are the differences between morals, ethics and laws?moral = one's personal beliefs about right or wrong
ethics = are standards of codes of behavior expected of an individual by a group
law = is a system of rules that tells us what we can and can't do - 6When do you need an ethical approval for a study?if
- information is collected from subjects or from existing records
- research will be published or not
- research is based on observations, experiments or descriptive
- research is a pilot study or a fully research project - 7What ethical considerations do you make preparing a research design?- Will the aim of your research potentially harm individuals or groups?
- Will the aim of your research discriminate ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, nationality or religion?
- Is your research problem/question novel or does it simply copy previous research?
- If you apply an existing problem/question to a new context, does it meaningfully confirm/extend previous findings - 8Please describe: justification, access to participants/privacy, informed consent.justification
- when the research involves human subjects the risks and costs must be balanced against the potential benefits
- the goal should always be to avoid harm, wrondoing and risk
access to participants
- describes if and how you get access to your research sample
- ideally access should not be restricted or chosen for you by an individual with conflicting interests
privacy
- considers privacy of participants in studies
- ideally neither researcher, study design or publication can identify individual participants in a given study
- conversations remain private
- members cannot discriminate against other participants
informed consent
- necessary agreement between researcher and participant
- participant must be informed about nature of research, their role in it, potential risks/dangers/harms or benefits that could result
- participants must be able to give you consent or refuse to participate
- must take place before actual data collection
- participants should be able to contact researcher afterwards - 9Describe the problem of confidentiality in a research.- access to data must be protected, it must be assured that no unauthorized person can assure your empirical material
- authorization is commonly agreed upon with the participant
- if information is strictly confidential, you must not share it with anybody
- Problem -
if company allows you to share information with your seminar group, nobody is allowed to talk about your case outside the seminar meetings
- Do you trust them??? - 10What ethical considerations do you make in the process of data collection?- considerations regarding privacy for research subjects, confidentiality of data, access to participants and informed consent must be made
- confidentiality is about identifiable data, it refers to the treatment of information, specifically an agreement about maintenance and who has access to identifiable data - 11What ethical considerations do you make in the process of data analysis?- How will you protect the anonymity of participants?
- How will you analyse the data?
- How will you comply with the ethical management of data
- How long will you keep the data once you've analysed it?
- Where and how will you keep? - 12What ethical considerations do you make in the process of reporting?- How will you stay honest to what you read?
- How will you stay honest to what you do?
- How will you stay honest to your findings
Informações
- Descrição
- FlashCards sobre Ethics, criado por Peter Lustig em 16-12-2017.
- Criado por
- Peter Lustig
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