Flashcards
Memory
Flashcards do conjunto (16)
- 1CODING, CAPACITY AND DURATION OF MEMORYSTM & LTM
- 2Research on codingBaddeley:
Acoustic in STM, Semantic in LTM - 3EvaluationArtificial stimuli:
Word list had no personal significance - 4Research on capacityDigit span:
Jacobs (digit span) - 9.3 digits, 7.3 letters
Span of memory and chunking:
Miller - 7+_2 span, putting items together extends STM capacity - 5EvaluationLacking validity:
Could be extraneous variables such as distraction
Not so many chunks:
Cowan - estimated STM as about 4 chunks - 6Research on durationSTM:
Peterson and Peterson - up to 18 seconds without rehearsal
LTM:
Bahrick et al (yearbook) - recognition of faces 90% after 15 years, recall 60%. Recognition dropped to 70 after 48 years - 7EvaluationMeaningless stimuli:
Used consonant syllables
Higher external validity:
Meaningful real-life memories, showed greater recall than LTM studies with meaningless material (shepherd)
Evaluation extra:
Peterson and Peterson may be displacement not decay - 8THE MULTI-STORE MODEL OF MEMORYMemory with 3 stores
- 9MSMSensory register:
Iconic and echoic with very brief duration, high capacity.
Transferred by attention.
STM:
Limited capacity and duration store. Mainly acoustic coding.
Transferred to LTM by rehearsal.
LTM:
Unlimited capacity and duration, permanent store. Mainly semantic. Created through maintenance rehearsal.
LTM to STM via retrieval - 10EvaluationSupporting research evidence:
Studies into coding, capacity and duration demonstrate differences between STM and LTM
There is more than one type of STM:
Studies of amnesia (e.g. KF) show different STMs for visual and auditory material.
There is more than one type of rehearsal:
Elaborative rehearsal necessary for transfer to LTM, not maintenance rehearsal
Evaluation extra:
Artificial material. There is more than one type of LTM - 11TYPES OF LONG-TERM MEMORY3 different LTM stores
- 12TypesEpisodic memory:
Memory for events in our lives (diary)
Semantic memory:
Memory for of world, like encyclopedia and dictionary. Includes language.
Procedural memory:
Memory for automatic and often skilled behaviors - 13EvaluationClinical evidence:
Clive Wearing and HM had damaged episodic memories but semantic and procedural memories were fine.
Neuroimaging evidence:
Episodic and procedural memories recalled from different parts of the prefrontal cortex
Real-life application:
Training programme for adults with mild cognitive impairments.
Evaluation extra:
Problems with clinical evidence
3 types or 2 - 14THE WORKING MODEL OF MEMORYDynamic processing in the STM
- 15WMMCentral executive (CE):
Co-ordinates slave systems and allocates resources, very limited storage.
Phonological loop (PL):
Auditory information - phonological store and articulatory process (maintenance rehearsal)
Visual - spatial sketchpad (VSS):
Visual information - visual cache (store) and inner scribe
Episodic buffer:
Intergrates processing of slave systems and records the order of events, linked to LTM - 16EvaluationClinical evidence:
KF Had poor auditory memory but good visual memory. Damaged PL but VSS fine
Dual task performance:
Difficult to do two visual tasks at the same time, but one visual and one verbal is okay - Baddeley et al
Lack of clarity:
Not yet fully explained, probably has different components
Evaluation extra:
Studies of the word length effect support PL
Brain scanning studies support WMM
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- FlashCards sobre Memory , criado por sana sultan em 26-11-2018.
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- sana sultan
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