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Flashcards

Extras exam 1

Stephen Edmond Psychology A level Inglês 40 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (40)

  1. 16 ethical guidelinesInformed consent, deception, right to withdraw, protection of participants, confidentiality, debriefing
  2. 2Informed consentParticipants should be told the aim of the research and the researcher should gain informed consent
  3. 3DeceptionLying to participants must be avoided as much as possible
  4. 4Right to withdrawParticipants should be informed they have the right to leave the study at any time. They must also be allowed to withdraw after completing the study and their data must be destroyed.
  5. 5Protection of participantsResearchers must not cause any physical or mental harm to participants and they should leave the study in the same state that they entered.
  6. 6ConfidentialityNames and details of participants should not be released
  7. 7DebriefAt the end of the study the researcher should check the participants are fine and are not harmed in any way. Help should be provided if they are harmed. Also the true purpose of the study should be explained.
  8. 8RespectPsychologists should respect individual, cultural and role differences. They should also avoid practices that are unfair or prejudiced.
  9. 9CompetencePsychologists should develop and maintain a comprehensive awareness of professional ethics and accept their responsibility to attempt to resolve any potential ethical dilemmas.
  10. 10ResponsibilityPsychologists should value their responsibilities including the avoidance of harm and misuse or abuse. A debrief should also be conducted.
  11. 11IntegrityMaintain the reputation of psychology by following the ethical guidelines
  12. 128 debates-Freewill/determinism
    -Usefulness
    -Reductionism/holism
    -Individual/situational
    -Psychology as a science
    -Socially sensitive research
    -Ethics
  13. 13FreewillHumans are entirely free to act as they want and bear all responsibility for their actions
  14. 14DeterminismWe lack control of our behaviour and are controlled by our genes and past experiences
  15. 15NatureSees biological factors as the explanation for our behaviour including genetics, the nervous system and brain chemistry
  16. 16NurtureSees behaviour as learned through past experiences in the environment
  17. 17InteractionistAccepts both nature and nurture factors are interconnected
  18. 18ReductionismBreaks down behaviour using single factors to explain a given action
  19. 19HolismSees human behaviour as too complex to be reduce to single explanations for a given action
  20. 20IndividualPersonality traits of the person are the cause of their behaviour
  21. 21SituationalThe circumstances and environment around the individual cause their behaviour
  22. 22Socially sensitive researchResearch that causes offence. Consists of:
    -Stigma
    -Political consequences
    -Harm
  23. 23Factors contributing to psychology as a science-Controlling extraneous variables to establish cause and effect
    -Standardisation to replicate
    -Induction
    -Deduction
    -Falsification
    -Quantitative data
  24. 24InductionTesting a pre-existing hypothesis
  25. 25DeductionA new hypothesis is created and then tested
  26. 26FalsificationAttempt to disprove something. In order to prove that something is right, it must also be proved that it isn't wrong
  27. 27<<Much greater than
  28. 28>>Much less than
  29. 29What is a research question?What you wish to answer/explore in your research. E.g.
    -Will there be a relationship between...
    -Will there be a difference between...
    -What behaviour will be displayed between..
  30. 30Cost benefit analysisA check to see if the benefits of the research outweigh the costs
  31. 31Reasons for breaking ethical guidelines-More ecologically valid results
    -Gather information about behaviour that is unethical to study
  32. 32Reasons against breaking ethical guidelines-Could ruin your reputation
    -Could make it difficult to find participants for future studies
  33. 33What makes a good questionnaire?-Ensuring clarity
    -No bias or leading questions
    -Analysis - Quant + Qual data
  34. 34Structured interviewAll questions are pre-determined and the researcher does not deviate from the set of questions
  35. 35Unstructured interviewVery much a free flowing conversation. There may be a few planned questions to start with but the rest of the questions are spontaneous
  36. 36Semi-structured interviewA compromise between structured and unstructured. Some set questions to keep the focus on the specific aim and there will also be spontaneous questions based off answers.
  37. 37Strengths of structured interview-Standardised questions - high internal reliability
    -Easier to analyse and compare due to the questions being standardised
  38. 38Weakness of structured interview-Can't have follow up questions to lines of interest - reduced insight and validity
    -Demand characteristics may be shown as it is unnatural
  39. 39Strength of unstructured and semi-structured interviewsDon't have to ignore lines of interest meaning an increased mount of insight and validity
  40. 40Weakness of unstructured and semi-structured interviewsQuestions aren't standardised meaning every participant may receive different questions, decreasing the reliability of the study

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A level Psychology FlashCards sobre Extras exam 1, criado por Stephen Edmond em 06-01-2019.
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Stephen Edmond
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