Flashcards
Sampling Techniques
Flashcards do conjunto (20)
- 1What is random sampling?Where every participant in the target population has an equal chance of being selected through a lottery system with no bias from the researcher
- 2What is an example of random sampling?Inputting the names of all those in the target population to a computer based randomiser, which allocates each a number and then selects the required amount of numbers
- 3What is an advantage of random sampling?Sample is likely to be representative of the target population. This is because everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being selected, without bias from the researcher. This means findings can be generalised to target population
- 4What is a disadvantage of random sampling?It is more time consuming and inconvenient compared to opportunity/volunteer sampling. This is because the researcher has to obtain info about everyone in the target population, which is impractical if the target population is large. This makes random sampling difficult to achieve as it is time consuming
- 5What is opportunity sampling?Involves approaching and inviting those who are available i.e. who happens to be in the right place at the right time
- 6What is an example of opportunity sampling?Asking students in the university library to take part in a study conducted at the university
- 7What is an advantage of opportunity sampling?They're more convenient than random sampling. They are less time consuming to obtain as the psychologist can use anyone who is available and willing at that time, and there is no need to gather info about the whole target population. This means opportunity samples are often used in research as they save a lot of effort.
- 8What is a disadvantage of opportunity sampling?The sample is unlikely to be representative of the target population. This is because the sample is more likely to be biased as if participants are in the same place they are likely to share similar characteristics. This makes results difficult to generalise
- 9What is volunteer sampling?Where the sample is self selected. Involved advertising and providing contact details, so individuals respond if they want to get involved
- 10What is an example of volunteer sampling?Placing an ad in a local newspaper that asks for volunteers to telephone a provided number if they want to take part.
- 11What is an advantage of volunteer sampling?More convenient than random sampling. They are less time consuming to obtain because the participants approach the researcher themselves. This means that volunteer samples are often used in psychological research
- 12What is a disadvantage of volunteer sampling?The sample is unlikely to be representative of the target population. This is because the sample is more likely to be biased as volunteers will have similar characteristics. This means it's difficult to generalise findings back to the target population
- 13What us systematic sampling?Involves devising a sampling frame (a list of everyone in the target population) and a system being nominated to select every nth person. Those selected will be contacted and invited to participate
- 14What is an example of systematic sampling?Selecting every 10th employee from a staff roll of employees at a firm if there are 100 workers in the target population and you need a sample of 10
- 15What is an advantage of systematic sampling?The sample is likely to be representative. This is because the researcher has no control over which participants are being selected, so there is minimal researcher bias. This means findings of the study can be generalised back to the target population
- 16What is a disadvantage of systematic sampling?It is still possible that the sample is unrepresentative of the target population. This is because the process of selecting participants may coincide with a hidden trait in the population e.g. every 5th house may contain a child under 2yrs, which doesn't represent all households. This makes it difficult to generalise findings
- 17What is a stratified sample?Involves identifying groups called strata that exist in the target population e.g. gender, age group and calculating the proportions of individuals needed from each strata to represent the overall target population. Once the proportions are calculated, another sampling technique will be used to obtain the selected number of ptps
- 18What is the formula for stratified sampling?total sample size
---------------------- x no in strata
target population - 19What is an advantage of stratified sampling?The sample is very representative of the target population. This is because the researcher has no bias and influence over which participants are selected. This means findings from the study can be generalised back to the target population
- 20What is a disadvantage of stratified sampling?The sample is very time consuming and inconvenient to use. This is because it requires a full list of the population and having an awareness of which strata each individual belongs to, which can be quite complicated. This means that the samples are difficult to use as they are time consuming
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- GCSE Psychology (Research Methods) FlashCards sobre Sampling Techniques, criado por Emily Mawson em 31-12-2019.
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- Emily Mawson
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