Flashcards
Sampling
Flashcards do conjunto (11)
- 1Define the following terms; 1. Sample 2. Target Population 3. Generalisability1. A sample is the group of people who take part in the investigation. It is the process of selecting participants from the population.
2. The target population is the total group of individuals from which the sample might be drawn.
3. Generalisability refers to the extent to which we can apply the findings of our research to the target population we are interested in. - 2What is random sampling?Everyone in the entire target population has an equal chance of being selected.Random samples require a way of naming or numbering the target population and then using some type of raffle method to choose those to make up the sample. Random samples are the best method of selecting your sample from the population of interest.
- 3What are the advantages and disadvantages of random sampling?+ The advantages are that your sample should represent the target population and eliminate sampling bias.
- disadvantage is that it is very difficult to achieve (i.e. time, effort and money). - 4What is stratified sampling?The researcher identifies the different types of people that make up the target population and works out the proportions needed for the sample to be representative. A list is made of each variable (e.g. IQ, sex etc.) which might have an effect on the research. For example, if we are interested in the money spent on books by undergraduates, then the main subject studied may be an important variable.
For example, students studying English Literature may spend more money on books than engineering students so if we use a very large percentage of English students or engineering students then our results will not be accurate. We have to work out the relative percentage of each group at a university. - 5What are the advantages and disadvantages of stratified sampling?- Gathering such a sample would be extremely time consuming and difficult to do. This method is rarely used in Psychology.
+ The sample should be highly representative of the target population and therefore we can generalize from the results obtained. - 6What is opportunity sampling?Uses people from target population available at the time and willing to take part. It is based on convenience. Obtained by asking members of the population of interest if they would take part in your research. An example would be selecting a sample of students from those coming out of the library.
- 7What are the advantages and disadvantages of opportunity sampling?+ This is a quick way and easy of choosing participants.
- May not provide a representative sample, and could be biased. - 8What is quota sampling?The defining characteristic of a quota sample is that the researcher deliberately sets the target number of each sub group. This is generally done to insure the inclusion of a particular segment of the population.
Example: A researcher is interested in the attitudes of members of different religions towards the death penalty. In Iowa a random sample might miss Muslims (because there are not many in that state). To be sure of their inclusion, a researcher could set a quota of 3% Muslim for the sample. - 9What are the advantages and disadvantages of quota sampling?- Not truly representative and therefore cannot generalise results
+ Usually cheaper than probability sampling - 10What is systematic sampling?Chooses subjects in a systematic (i.e. orderly / logical) way from the target population, like every nth participant on a list of names. To take a systematic sample, you list all the members of the population, and then decided upon a sample you would like. By dividing the number of people in the population by the number of people you want in your sample, you get a number we will call n. If you take every nth name, you will get a systematic sample of the correct size. If, for example, you wanted to sample 150 children from a school of 1,500, you would take every 10th name
- 11What are the advantages and disadvantages of systematic sampling?+ The advantage to this method is that is should provide a representative sample
- The disadvantage is that it is very difficult to achieve (i.e. time, effort and money).
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- Degree Psychology (Research Methods) FlashCards sobre Sampling, criado por Molly Macgregor em 06-01-2016.
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- Molly Macgregor
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