Flashcards
Kantian ethics: good will and categorical imperative
Flashcards do conjunto (19)
- 1The fundamental moral problemdoing one's duty when it conflicts with one's natural inclinations
- 2The good willFor Kant: the disposition to act according to principles
- 3Good Willthe disposition to do ones moral duty for its own sake, simply because it is ones duty
- 4An act of will involves-a conscious intention
-effort to realize the conscious intention - 5An action has moral worth only if...I do it out of good will--because i know it is my duty--no matter what my natural inclinations might be
- 6Categorical Imperative I"Act as if the maxim of your action were to become by your will a universal law of nature"
- 7How to determine moral duty1. what maxim does the contemplated act apply?
2. would it make sense for everyone to act on the maxim all the time? - 8If it would make sense for everyone to act on the maxim all the time...the act is morally acceptable. if not...the action is morally wrong because it cannot be universalized
- 9If you make false promises, you are...you are not being consistent, so you are irrational, and because you are irrational, then you are acting immorally
- 10Does Kantianism treat humans as an ends or a meansENDS: "so act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any other, in every case as an END, NEVER MEANS only."
- 11Why not treat humans as means?unlike tools that we use, humans have intellects, purposes, plans, interests and goals of their own as well as the ability to act on such purposes, plans, interests and goals
- 12Because each of us sees himself as being an end in itself(as existing for our own purposes, plans, interests, etc)...it would be irrational for us to view others any differently. we cannot rationally see ourselves as ends and others as means
- 13Strengths of Kantianism (1 of 3)The Good will: it focuses its attention on the intention or motive the guides and directs acts rather than the actual consequences or results of the acts. This is good bc we shouldn't condemn someone who intended good but failed. or praise someone who intended bad, but accidentally did good.
- 14Strengths of Kantianism (2 of 3)The moral law/categorical imperative: the moral law must be universal and impersonal. If it is right for me to do something, it must be right for everyone in a similar situation to do that thing. it can't apply to you if it doesn't also apply to me. it is not respecter of persons
- 15Strengths of Kantianism (3 of 3)Rational beings as ends in themselves: we should respect the fact that others have their own life plans goals and that it is wrong for me to treat others as mere means to my own selfish ends
- 16Problems with Kantianism: the principle of universalizabilityit fails a general test for the morality of our actions. it says that universalizability is a guarantee of an actions rightness. but we can act on universalizable actions and still do wrong(bank robber story)
- 17Problems with Kantianism: IntegrityIntegrity can be bad because if the principles you are dedicated to are flawed, it would be better to have less integrity
- 18Problems with KAntianism: the absoluteness of moral dutiesmoral rules such as lying are never permitted, but sometimes(murderer case) they are necessary.
- 195 Problems with the principle of humanity1. The notion of treating someone as an end is vague, and so the principle is difficult to apply
2. The principle fails to give us good advice about how to determine what people deserve
3. The principle assumes that we are genuinely autonomous, but that assumption may be false
4. The principle assumes that the morality of our actions depends only on what we can autonomously control, but the existence of moral luck calls this into question
5. The principle cannot explain why those who lack rationality and autonomy are deserving of respect
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- Bachelors Ethics FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por Alexa Monita em 05-04-2016.
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- Alexa Monita
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