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Flashcards

Lecture 15- Tissues of the Human Body

emma_moran Biology- Semester 2 Inglês 79 flashcards

Lecture 15- Tissues of the Human Body

Flashcards do conjunto (79)

  1. 1What is the apical surface of the epithelium?The surface exposed to a body cavity, lining an organ or exposed to an exterior and can contain microvilli or cilia.
  2. 2What is the basal surface of the epithelium?The surface attached to a basement membrane secreted by the cells and adheres the tissue firmly to nearby connective tissue.
  3. 3What are the different types of epithelial tissue layers called?Simple epithelium, stratified epithelium and pseudostratified epithelium
  4. 4What is the structure of simple epithelium?Single layer allowing diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion and absorption to take place
  5. 5What is the structure of stratified epithelium?Multiple layers of cells, protecting deeper layers from wear and tear.
  6. 6What is the structure of pseudostratified epithelium?Single layer of cells that appear to consist of multiple layers as they have nuclei at different levels.
  7. 7What are the different epithelial cell shapes?Squamous, cuboidal, columnar and transitional
  8. 8What are squamous epithelial cells?Flat cells with oval nuclei
  9. 9What are cuboidal epithelial cells?Cube like cells with a central nuclei
  10. 10What are columnar epithelial cells?Column shaped cells with variable nuclei
  11. 11What are transitional epithelial cells?Variable shaped cells
  12. 12How do you classify epithelia?1: The type of layers (simple, stratified or pseudostratified) 2: The cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar or transitional)
  13. 13How do you name multilayered epithelia?Named after top layer
  14. 14What is simple squamous epithelia adapted for?Diffusion, osmosis and similar process requiring a minimal barrier
  15. 15Where is simple squamous epithelia found?It lines the capillaries and blood vessels, lymph vessels and alveoli
  16. 16What is simple cuboidal epithelia adapted for?Absorption, secretion and protection
  17. 17Where is simple cuboidal epithelia found?It lines parts of the kidney tubules, ducts of many glands and part of the ovary.
  18. 18What are non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia adapted for?Adapted for absorption and secretion
  19. 19What can non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia contain?Microvilli and goblet cells that produce mucus
  20. 20Where can non-ciliated simple columnar epithelial be found?Lines the digestive tract, gallbladder and large ducts of glands
  21. 21What are ciliated simple columnar epithelia adapted for?The movement of substances across the epithelial surfaces
  22. 22What do ciliated simple columnar epithelia possess?Apical cilia
  23. 23Where can ciliated epithelia be found?Uterus, bronchi and paranasal sinuses
  24. 24Do non ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia contain goblet cells?No
  25. 25Can ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia contain goblet cells?Yes they can
  26. 26Where can non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia be found?It is rare but it is found in parts of the male urethra
  27. 27Where can ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia be found?Line most of the trachea, primary bronchi, parts of the male reproductive and urinary tract, nasal cavity and large excretory ducts
  28. 28What is the role of stratified squamous epithelia?Protects against abrasion
  29. 29What are the two different types of stratified squamous epithelia?Non keratinised and keratinised
  30. 30Where can non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia be found?Lines the mouth, vagina and anus
  31. 31What are keratinocyte cells?Cells in which keratin is produced
  32. 32What is the process of keratinisation?As the cells traverse the layers, they fill with keratin, become squamous and anucleate and eventually die as they reach top layer
  33. 33What is desquamation?The process by which keratinised cells slough off
  34. 34What is the role of the keratinised layer?It provides a waterproof barrier, protecting against abrasion and pathogens
  35. 35What is the role of stratified cuboidal epithelial?Provides protection
  36. 36Where is stratified cuboidal epithelia found?Ducts of sweat glands, larger salivary glands and parts of male urethra
  37. 37What is the role of stratified columnar epithelia?Protective
  38. 38Where is stratified columnar epithelia found?Salivary glands and male urethra
  39. 39What is the role transitional epithelia?Able to stretch
  40. 40What prevents transitional epithelia from leaking?Tight junctions
  41. 41Where is transitional epithelia found?urinary bladder, ureters and parts of urethra
  42. 42What is a gland?A single or group of epithelial cells adapted for secretion
  43. 43What do exocrine glands do?Secrete material directly into ducts or onto apical epithelial surface
  44. 44What are exocrine glands composed of and what do they secrete?They are composed of glandular epithelia and secrete mucus, sweat, oil, earwax and digestive enzymes
  45. 45What do endocrine glands do?"ductless glands'" that secrete materials through the basal surface which diffuses through the basement membrane, connective tissue and into the bloodstream (e.g. hormones)
  46. 46What are the two structural classifications of exocrine glands?Unicellular and multicellular glands
  47. 47What is the structure of unicellular glands?They have goblet cells but no ducts are involved
  48. 48What is the structure of multicellular glands?Usually involves ducts
  49. 49What are the different classifications of ducts according to their shape?What are the different classifications of ducts according to their shape?
  50. 50What are the different functional classifications of exocrine glands?Holocrine, merocrine and apocrine
  51. 51What are holocrine glands?Cell accumulates substance for secretion, dies and discharges its contents (oil in sebaceous glands)
  52. 52What are merocrine glands?Secretion occurs by exocytosis (sweat glands)
  53. 53What are apocrine glands?Small pieces of cell containing secretion break off and cell repairs itself
  54. 54Name two types of endocrine release?Paracrine and autocrine
  55. 55What does paracrine mean?Neighbouring cells are effected
  56. 56What does autocrine mean?The same cell is affected
  57. 57What is the structure of connective tissue?Cells are sparsely distributed within extracellular matrix material produced by connective tissue cells (except for blood matrix)
  58. 58What does the matrix contain?Fluid, dissolved molecules and protein fibres (e.g. collagen and elastin)
  59. 59What is the structure of collagen and where is it found?Thick and strong. Found in tendons.
  60. 60What is the structure of elastin and where is it found?Thin and elastic. Found in skin.
  61. 61What determines the function of connective tissue?The composition of the matrix
  62. 62What are the four types of connective tissue?Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone and blood
  63. 63What are the two types of connective tissue proper?Loose and fibrous/dense
  64. 64What are the three types of loose tissue?Areolar (wraps organs), Adipose (fat tissue) and Reticular (supporting framework in liver)
  65. 65What are the three types of fibrous /dense tissue?Regular (tendons and ligaments), Irregular (heart valves, around cartilage and muscle) and elastic (lungs, walls of arteries, bronchial tubes)
  66. 66What is the structure of muscle tissue?Rich in overlapping protein filaments known as myosin and actin which are responsible for muscle shortening
  67. 67What is required for muscles to contract?ATP
  68. 68What are the three types of muscle tissue?Skeletal, cardiac and smooth
  69. 69What type of movement does skeletal muscle perform?Voluntary
  70. 70What are skeletal muscle attached to and how are they attached?They are attached to bones via tendons
  71. 71What is the appearance of skeletal muscle?Strained in appearance and consists of long cells with many nuclei
  72. 72What type of movement does cardiac muscle perform?Involuntary
  73. 73What is the appearance of cardiac muscle?Strained in appearance and consists of branched cells with a single nuclei
  74. 74What is the role of intercalated disks within cardiac muscle?They electrically couple cells
  75. 75What type of movement does smooth muscle perform?Involuntary
  76. 76Where is smooth muscle found?Walls of blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, uterus and part of the urinary system
  77. 77What is the appearance of smooth muscle?Lacks striations and spindle shaped cells with single nuclei
  78. 78What are the two main components of nervous tissue?Neurones and glial cells
  79. 79What is the role of glial cells?They are protective and supporting

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Biology- Semester 2 (Lecture 15) FlashCards sobre Lecture 15- Tissues of the Human Body, criado por emma_moran em 28-01-2014.
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