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Flashcards

Agriculture and Industry

Elisa Fumero History GCSE Inglês 93 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (93)

  1. 1When did State Capitalism begin?October 1917
  2. 2What did State Capitalism begin as?a transitional phase
  3. 3When was the Land Decree passed and what did it say?October 1917, no private ownership of land, peasants control farmland
  4. 4When was the Decree on Workers' Control passed and what did it say?November 1917, workers could set wages and work hours
  5. 5When was the Vesenkha made and what was it?December 1917, government department that managed economy
  6. 6When did the army create a single state bank?14 December 1917
  7. 7What were the results of State Capitalism?production slumped because of laziness, conflict between private businesses and the government
  8. 8When did War Communism begin?June 1918
  9. 9What did the Decree on Nationalisation allow?the government to own businesses with more than 10 workers
  10. 10How many businesses were nationalised by 1920 thanks to the Decree on Nationalisation?37000
  11. 11What did the Vesenkha control during WC?industry
  12. 12What did the unemployed do during WC?build roads and clear woodland
  13. 13What else did the government do during WC?owned grain surplus and introduced rationing
  14. 14Why did the use of money decrease during WC?workers were often paid with goods
  15. 15What were the successes of WC?full-employment, money was abolished, no free market, control of industry, Red Army won
  16. 16Why was there full employment during WC?men aged 16-50 had to work
  17. 17Who welcomed the crisis and why?Bukharin because he believed a sense of suffering was good before embracing communism
  18. 18What were the failures of WC?political unrest in the countryside, food shortages, decrease in working conditions, black market, opposition to grain requisitioning, unrest with the army, low industrial production
  19. 19When did the Tambov uprising happen?August 1920 to June 1921
  20. 20How many people died because of the food shortages?6 million
  21. 21Why was the black market a problem?very popular (60% of food consumed bought here)
  22. 22When was the Kronstadt mutiny?March 1921
  23. 23By how much did the industrial production decrease during WC?1920 was 70% less than 1913
  24. 24When did the New Economic Policy begin?March 1921
  25. 25What did the NEP change?ended seizure of crops, allowed peasants to sell surplus, introduced a new currency, allowed small businesses to be established
  26. 26What did the NEP keep?control of banks, heavy industry, transportation and foreign trade
  27. 27What were the causes of the NEP?problems with infrastructure, Kronstadt Rebellion, no control of the countryside, population crisis, economic chaos, little support
  28. 28What good things did the NEP achieve?increased food production because of incentive, increase in industrial production, problems with infrastructure were solved, vibrant culture
  29. 29By how much did agricultural production increase between 1921-4?14 million tons a year
  30. 30What doubled in industrial production between 1921-4?coal and textile
  31. 31By what year were water and electricity more reliable?1926
  32. 32What were the bad effects of the NEP?prostitution, gambling, drug dealing, division of the party, Scissors Crisis, excess of food
  33. 33Who liked and who disliked the NEP?Bukharin and Trotsky
  34. 34Why was the fact that there was more food than demand bad?the price of food was low so peasants didn't earn much
  35. 35Why did the price of manufactured goods go up?there was not enough to meet demands
  36. 36What was the Scissors Crisis?high price of manufactured goods, low price of food = big class gap
  37. 37When was Collectivisation introduced?1927
  38. 38What did Collectivisation do?merged small farms into larger ones, which were supplied with modern fertilisers and equipment
  39. 39When and what was the first stage of Collectivisation?1927-9, Grain Procurement Crisis = kulaks withheld grain to increase its price. This justified the need for Collectivisation
  40. 40When and what was the second stage of Collectivisation?1928-9, introduction of emergency powers = introduction of rationing and grain requisitioning
  41. 41What was the third stage of Collectivisation?Dekulakisation = property of kulaks confiscated to be shared out, the kulaks resisted by destroying resources
  42. 42What was the fourth stage of Collectivisation?25000 industrial workers sent to the countryside to offer advice on Collectivisation = however they confiscated hidden resources, removed kulaks, forced peasants to collectivise
  43. 43What was the economic reason for introducing Collectivisation?inefficient agriculture
  44. 44What was the political reason for introducing Collectivisation?attract Trotsky's former supporters and defeat Bukharin with bigger power base, distinct himself from Lenin
  45. 45What was the ideological reason for introducing Collectivisation?more socialist than NEP
  46. 46What was the military reason for introducing collectivisation?imminent war with the Nazis so infrastructure and surplus of food needed
  47. 47What were the successes of Collectivisation?quick implementation, more communist than NEP, increase in grain exports, foundation for industrialisation
  48. 48By what year were all farms collectivised?1941
  49. 49By how much did the amount of grain exported increase between 1928-33?12 million tonnes
  50. 50How much did the percentage of people who were industrial workers change from 1928 to 1939?18% to 50%
  51. 51What were the failures of Collectivisation?lower levels of food produced, human suffering
  52. 52By how much did the production of food decrease during Collectivisation?in 1933 the harvest was 9 million tonnes less than in 1926
  53. 53How much of the food consumed by the army during Collectivisation was American?a fifth
  54. 54How many people died in Ukraine during the famine of 1932-3?5 million
  55. 55Why did Stalin begin the FYPs?said that communism was his goal, he had an unstable position in Lenin's shadow, industrialisation was needed
  56. 56When was the First Five Year Plan?1928-32
  57. 57What were the success of the FFYP?economy grows 14% per year; iron and workforce doubled
  58. 58What were the failures of the FFYP?poor quality of products; more produced than in demand; bad living and working conditions; shortages of consumer goods
  59. 59When was the Second Five Year Plan?1933-7
  60. 60What were the successes of the SFYP?heavy industry continued to increase; Moscow Metro opened in 1935; bread rationing ended in 1934; defence spending increased by 13%
  61. 61What were the failures of the SFYP?shortages of consumer goods; low quality of things produced; shortages of vital resources
  62. 62In 1934, how many people queued for shoes in Leningrad?6000
  63. 63When was the Third Five Year Plan?1938-1941
  64. 64What were the successes of the TFYP?33% of total government spending to army by 1940; 9 new aircraft factories in 1939; coal increased by 30% from 1937-40
  65. 65What were the failures of the TFYP?disorganised; consumer goods suffered; poor living and working conditions
  66. 66When was the Fourth Five Year Plan?1946-1950
  67. 67What were the successes of the FoFYP?industrial output increased by another 80%; 1/4 of expenditure into military; consumer goods doubled; fastest growing economy
  68. 68What were the failures of the FoFYP?only 12% expenditure in food and consumer goods; low wages; bad working and living conditions
  69. 69How did Stalin transform the Russian economy?increased heavy industry production, size of labour force increased, high rate of economic growth
  70. 70How did Stalin fail to transform the Russia economy?chaos, shortages of consumer goods
  71. 71What problems was Khrushchev facing when he became the leader?low levels of agricultural production; shortages of consumer goods; poor living and working conditions; slow economic growth
  72. 72When was the Seven Year Plan?1959
  73. 73When was the Virgin Land Scheme?1953
  74. 74When was the Corn Campaign?1958
  75. 75By taking less food and spending more in agriculture, what did Khrushchev achieve?250% increase in farm incomes between 1952-6
  76. 76How much did the production of consumer goods increase between 1959-65?60%
  77. 77By how much did the total area farmed increase thanks to the Virgin Land Scheme?79.2 million hectares between 1953 and 1964
  78. 78How many more tractors were available by 1955?30%
  79. 79How much did the quality of fertilisers increase by 1955?40%
  80. 80How much was being spent in agriculture by 1959?12.8% a year
  81. 81By how much did the Virgin Land Scheme increase agricultrual production?35.3% between 1954-8
  82. 82Why was agriculture inefficient under Khrushchev?50% of workers worked in agriculture and yet produced half the amount of what Americans could produce with just 5%
  83. 83What caused chaos in industry under Khrushchev?in 1957, the Gosplan was replaced by 105 regional planning agencies. This was reversed in 1958
  84. 84Why was the Virgin Land Scheme so expensive?land unsuitable so needed irrigation
  85. 85Why was centrally organised agriculture inefficient?wrong fertilisers were delivered
  86. 86What did Brezhnev reverse?Party reunited and Gosplan returned in 1965. FYPs returned in 1966
  87. 87What were the Kosygin reforms?judged managers by profit made; gave some industrial planning to managers
  88. 88When were the Kosygin reforms abandoned?1965
  89. 89By 1976, how much was being spent in agriculture?26%
  90. 90By 1970, how much was being spent in military?13%
  91. 91What was different about the NFYP (1971-5)?factories were linked to science research institutes
  92. 92What were Andropov's three reforms?anti-corruption campaign in 1982, anti alcohol campaign, Operation Trawl (arrest drunks)
  93. 93Why did nothing change in Russia?Failure of agricultural policies, disorganised economic planning, stagnation under Brezhnev, excessive levels of military spending, problems of command economy

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GCSE History FlashCards sobre Agriculture and Industry, criado por Elisa Fumero em 04-04-2017.
Criado por
Elisa Fumero
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