Flashcards
Virtue Ethics and Conscience: Aristotle to Aquinas
Flashcards do conjunto (28)
- 1Who is the Key scholar of Virtue ethicsAristotle
- 2What is EudaimoniaThe supreme good, the only thing that is an end in itself.
- 3What are the moral virtues?Courage, temperance, generosity, wittiness, truthfulness
Modesty - 4What are Intellectual virtuesQualities of mind developed through intruction, e.g knowledge
- 5What are the cardinal virtuesTemperance, courage, wisdom and justice
- 6What is the doctrine of the mean?The perfect balance of a virtue
- 7What is the largest criticism of Virtue of Ethics?It doesn't give us any clear guidance on how to act in specific circumstances.
- 8What did Nussbaum say in reference to the criticism of Virtue Ethics.There are absolutes, but it virtues that have value, not rules.
- 9Name Three strengths of Virtue ethics.It encourages community.
It brings happiness for individuals and society.
It is Flexible
It is people centred - 10What are the scholars in favour of a god given conscience?Aquinas,
- 11What is Aquinas' quote in reference to the conscience."To disparage the dictate of reason is equivalent to condemning the command of God.
- 12What is Aquinas syderesis?An innate knowledge of human nature and primary precepts through practical reason
- 13What is Aquinas' conscientia?Deriving secondary precepts and applying them?
- 14What is Aquinas' prudence?The virtue of right-reasoning in moral matters, balancing ours and others needs.
- 15What did aquinas say in reference to the conscience "erring"It can err Invincibly (through no fault of their own)
Or vincibly (by their own fault) - 16What does Aquinas' believe the conscience does?It derives secondary precepts from primary moral principles developed through reflection on human nature.
- 17What did Butler believe the conscience was?It is an ability to use reason to weigh up factors in a moral decision
- 18What did Newman say the conscience is.It is a law of the mind. It is a clear indication of what is right.
- 19Who are the two people who put forth the idea of a "non-god given" conscienceFreud and Piaget.
- 20What is Hard determinism?The theory that all human action is causally determined
- 21What is John Locke's story of the locked door?A man wakes up, trapped in a locked room, without trying to escape, he decides to stay, his ignorance gives an illusion of free-will
- 22What did ted honderich claim in reference to determinismEverything is determined, we have no choice and no moral responsibility.
(although it might make sense to punish them to protect others) - 23How does science support determinismIn science, everything has a cause.
E.g Friction becomes heat - 24What are the two kinds of conditioningClassical and operant
- 25What is operant conditioning and who designed it?By rewarding certain behaviour, it is possible to control them, as they will aim for the reward subconsciously
- 26What is Classical conditioning? Who designed it?Humans react to conditioning.
If you control the conditioning, then you control the response. - 27What is libertarianism?The theory that universal causation applies to a mechanist world, but not to the human mind.
- 28What is soft-determinismAll our actions are determined, but there is a difference between Ghandi choosing to fast, and a man having food withheld from him
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- a levels Ethics FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por matthewking422 em 17-06-2014.
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