Flashcards
Henry VII - Religion and the Church
Flashcards do conjunto (26)
- 1What was Henry VII's religion?Roman Catholic
Recognised by the Pope - 2Who was the main landlord of England the Church or the King in the late 1400's?The Church
- 3How powerful was the Church in the late 1400's?*10,000 ordinary clergy and 35,000 secular clergy
*Formed a state with it's own court system that felt with religious crimes
*Both the King and Church worked in relative harmony - 4What were some problems with the Church?*many parish Priests were poorly educated
*75% of them earned less than £15 a year
*Priests to earn more worked at 5 different parishes
*25% of parishes didn't have a resident priest
*many had been neglected and crime high - 5What was the Church's position in everyday life?Parishes were central to village life
Priest was the most respected member
All attended and was part of life
Marked religious feasts, festivals and holy days along with marriage and burials - 6How much did Henry VII aim to do with the Churches?recognised they were weak but did not aim to reform it or question its authority
- 7What was Henry's relationship with the Pope?Pope Innocent VIII was one of the first foreign leaders to recognise Henry's claim to the throne
Supported by excommunicating all those that rebelled against him
Henry sent an ambassador to Rome - 8What was Henry's relationship with Bishops?Relatively good
Employed many into gov
Becoming some of his most loyal advisors - 9How did the Church help Henry VII's reign?*provided him with funds from clerical taxation, loans and fines
*Ensured obedience from the public and penalties for sinful disorder - 10Why did people believe they were sinners?*Believed they were born with original sin - back from when Adam disobeyed God
*Acquired sin by disobeying God - 11What role did Priests play in life of the people?*Determined how long they would stay in purgatory and decide whether they were going to heaven or hell
*hear commissions
*decide if they deserved penance (punishment) - 12What happened at Mass in the late 1400-1500's?Was the central religious experience
Priest performs a sacrament (thanksgiving)
Consecrated bread and wine
(Transubstantiation) - 13How did laity and people leaving money to the Church benefit?*Enhanced the beauty of worship
*Ensuring the person would be remembered
*Reduced the time that person spent in purgatory - 14What was confraternity?Groups of men (and some women) that came together to fund the funeral costs for members, to pay chaplains for mass and make charitable donations
Some ran schools - 15What was a pilgrimage?A way to reduce time in purgatory
Visit a tomb of a saint or shrine
Rogation Sunday included a whole community walking to one - 16What Religious Orders existed?*Monastic Orders - 1500 1% of males were monks - played a role in community
*Friars - worked amongst communities and funded by charity
*Nunneries - less prestige, mainly women deemed to be unsuitable to marry - 17Who were the Lollards?"Non-believer"
Believed everyone should have a English Bible and should be able to interpret it in their own way
Individuals relationship with God
Found in small groups in London, Bristol and Kent etc. - 18What was Humanism like in the late 1400's?Based on the rediscovery of Greek and Latin texts - studied by Thomas More
Believed in the Catholic faith
Aimed to cleanse the religion from errors in translation
Confined in literacy in upper society - 19How developed was Humanism under Henry VII?*isolated and an extended Humanist circle out of scholars in St Pauls School and Oxford did not emerge till Henry VIII
- 20What significantly pushed forward Humanism?Printing Press
Brought from Germany
widened the reading public
Standardising the English language
Henry VII used to make propaganda - 21What was Henry's opinion on growing Humanism?*Encouraged artists, musicians, poets and men of letters
*Established the Royal library and *commissioned to write a history of England
'no previous king had been so acutely aware of the political advantages of surrounding himself with literary servants' - 22What was this period like for education?widening of educational opportunities
'song schools' and 'reading schools' to the very young
53 grammar schools established 1460-1509
restricted to upper classes - saw more humanist approaches and teaching - 23What was University like in the 1400's?Main two existed - Oxford and Cambridge
Cambridge gained several new colleges from the generosity of Beaufort - 24What was the most popular form of art in the late 1400's - early 1500's?*Drama
Presented at Church-ale festivals
Sponsored by Nobility
Moral and religious messages - 25What was music like under HVII?bagpipe and wind groups entertained people on Saint days
Went through a renaissance with choral music
Thomas Browne, Robert Faryfax
Performed at court or in wealthy homes - 26What architectural developments occurred under HVII?Rebuilding of churches and buildings gave rise to Gothic perpendicular style
HVII invested in this style in the Lady Chapel of Westminster Abbey