Flashcards
Engineering formula/ testing/ aerodynamics/ Modern tech 3
Flashcards do conjunto (45)
- 1What is the area of a circle?pi x radius squared
- 2What is the volume of a cylinder?pi x radius squared x L
- 3How do you calculate trigonometry?SohCahToa
- 4How do you calculate stress?Force
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cross section area - 5How do you calculate strain?Change in length
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Length - 6What is youngs modulus and its formula?Youngs modulus is a property of a material that indicates its elasticity and stiffness.
Stress
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Strain - 7How do you calculate the factor of safety?yeild stress
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Load - 8How do you calculate mechanical advantage?Load (output force)
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Effort (input force) - 9Note on gear ratio?The gear ratio determines the speed of rotation of 2 or more gears.
The first gear can be called either the input gear, or the driver gear.
The second gear can be called either the ouput gear, or the driven gear. - 10How do you calculate gear ratio?N driven
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N driver - 11How do you calculate gear ratio in terms of speed?Speed of driver
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speed of driven - 12How do you calculate velocity ratio?Size of ouput wheel
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size of input wheel - 13How do you calculate velocity ratio in terms of speed?Speed of input
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speed of output - 14How do you calculate resistance in parallel?
- 15What is a tensile strength test?• A test to determine the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of an object
- 16What is a compressive strength test?• A test to determine the maximum compressive load that an object can take before failing.
- 17How does CAD software help with testing?• CAD software allows circuits to be tested, e.g. Circuit Wizard
• This can test to see whether the circuit will work without the need to buy the components, saving time and money
• PCB designs can also be tested before construction, thus avoiding waste and saving time
• One potential problem is that the components in CAD simulations do not always act as real components do, and therefore it is a good idea to model the circuit with actual components - 18How can circuits be physically modelled, and what advantages are there?• A prototyping board (breadboard) can be used.
• This is a plastic board with holes, underneath which there are rows of metal strips to allow electrical connections to be made
• The main advantage is that they are completely solderless, meaning components can be quickly arranged and replaced
• An alternative to breadboards is stripboard (Veroboard). This is a plastic board with rows of copper strips and holes to place components for soldering; because components are soldered it can be time consuming and difficult to exchange components.
• Stripboard circuits are sturdier than breadboard circuits - 19What is destructive testing, and why is it used?• This is testing that results in the damage or destruction of the object being tested.
• The main purpose is to find out where its failure point lies
• It also allows engineers to discover weaknesses that may not otherwise be obvious
• An example is the crash testing of cars to see how they react to high speed collisions with each other - 20What is non-destructive testing and why is it used?• This is testing that does not cause damage to the product
• For example, visually checking the surface finish of a product
• Also, checking to see that the product functions as intended - 21What is the difference between virtual modelling and physical modelling?• An example of virtual modelling is testing a PCB using Circuit Wizard before the PCB has been constructed
• It allows the designer to develop a complex fully functional flowchart before construction, again to save waste and time
• The flowchart can then be downloaded onto the constructed PCB at a later date, for physical modelling where final real-life fine tuning of the flowchart can occur - 22What is QC and why is it essential?• QC is quality control
• This is essential because it involves checking a product after a process to ensure it meets the required quality standard. - 23Describe some examples of QC checks.• Visual checks to ensure that the product looks as it should
• Measurements to ensure the product has the correct dimensions (or is within tolerance)
• Weight checks to ensure the product is of the correct weight
• Fitting/assembly to ensure parts fit together correctly - 24Define aerodynamics• Aerodynamics is concerned with the movement of air around an object
- 25Draw an aerofoil and label the four main forces acting on it?
- 26Define lift• The pushing force that causes something to move upwards
• It is created by the shape of the wing, which causes the airflow over the top of the aerofoil to flow faster than the airflow underneath of the wing
• Faster air creates lower pressure, so the higher pressure underneath the aerofoil forces the aerofoil upwards - 27Define weight• This is the downward force on the mass of the wing due to gravity
- 28Define thrust• Thrust is the pushing force that causes an object to move forwards
• For example, on modern commercial airlines thrust is provided by high powered jet engines - 29Define drag• Drag is the force that opposes forward motion of an object through air
• It is often called aerodynamic friction
• Aerofoils (wings) are designed to reduce drag by having a rounded surface - 30Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of using CAD to model electronic circuits.Advantages
• Saves time constructing the circuit in real life
• Saves from wasting materials / components on circuits that do not work
• Can develop complex flowcharts
Disadvantages
• High set up costs (computer and software needed)
• Highly trained (and thus expensive) workforce needed, e.g. programmers - 31State 2 advantages of destructive testing, and 2 disadvantagesAdvantages
• Can find out where the products failure point is
• Can find out weaknesses that might not be obvious
Disadvantages
• The object cannot be tested again, so is time consuming
• The process is expensive - 32Define what is meant by new and emerging technologies• These are technologies that are either newly available or are in the process of being developed
• Examples include robotics, rapid prototyping, nano-technology, sustainably-powered vehicles, the ‘internet of things’, and communications - 33Define automation• Automation is the use of control systems to perform tasks to reduce human involvement in production
- 34How does robotics improve the speed, efficiency, and accuracy of product manufacture?• Robotics can be used to increase the amount of automation in production
• Programmable robotic arms can be used to operate tools with a high degree of accuracy and precision
• Robotic arms can be used continuously as they do not need to take breaks
• Robotic arms can accurately repeat precise tasks, so there is less chance of error
• Less skilled workers are needed, thereby reducing costs
• However, robots need to be programmed and maintained - 35How does rapid prototyping improve the speed, efficiency, and accuracy of product manufacture?• Rapid prototyping equipment includes processes like laser cutting and 3D printing
• These allow manufacturers to create high quality prototypes that can be tested, evaluated and improved relatively quickly
• This means that any design errors can be spotted and corrected before too much time, effort and money has been spent. - 36What aspects of society can be affected by new and emerging technologies?• Communities
• Culture
• Healthcare
• How large groups of people behave - 37What is nano-technology?• This is technology that exists on a molecular scale.
- 38How can nano-technology impact society?• Nano-robots exist that are so small that they are capable of entering the blood stream have been tested to see if they can be used to destroy cancer cells
• They can also be used to help damaged internal organs regrow
• This can have a huge impact on how society experiences healthcare - 39What is the internet of things?• This is the ability of everyday objects to be connected to the internet
• This means that these objects can be controlled from any internet enabled device, e.g. mobile phones - 40How can the internet of things affect society?• People can now control when to activate their central heating in a more proactive way
- 41Define what a hybrid car is?• Hybrid cars are a new and emerging technology
• These cars are powered with a combination of electric power and petrol power - 42What are carbon emissions?• Carbon emissions are pollution caused by the production, transportation, and use of engineered products
• They can be damaging to the environment - 43How do hybrid cars impact the environment• Hybrid cars help reduce carbon emissions
• They make use of less polluting energy sources
• They significantly decrease the output of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere - 44Discuss how engineering industries impact on society.• Engineers should be aware of the effects their work can have on society
• Engineering industries can improve opportunities for local communities
• They can also change how people behave
• An example of an engineering industry that has had impact on society is the mobile communications technology industry
• The growth of the communications industry has revolutionized the way people communicate with each other.
• Firstly, people can voice call each other from anywhere that they can get a signal, so they can now talk on the move, instead of from a fixed location
• Also, they can use text messages, video calls, emails and social media to communicate on the go.
• They can conduct meetings with people who are miles apart, reducing travel costs and saving time
• This ease of communication has also helped people stay closer together, compared to typical examples in the not too distant past where even close family members could easily lose touch with each other when moving away from home.
• A - 45Discuss the impact of engineering industries on the economy• Engineering adds billions of pounds in value to the UK economy every year
• A successful engineering sector is therefore very important
• Also, a successful engineering sector mean improvements can be made to the infrastructure of the country.
• For example, improvements could be made to:
o rail and road transport links, e.g. London Crossrail
o mobile communications coverage,
o power generation facilities, e.g. solar, wind
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- Flashcards on Engineering formula/ testing/ aerodynamics/ Modern tech, created by AsimAli Rehman on 29/06/2019.
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- AsimAli Rehman
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