Flashcards
Exam #2
Flashcards do conjunto (22)
- 1Weak InductionThe premise provide some support for the confusion but not enough to make a strong argument
- 2Appeal to Unqualified AuthorityArgument is based o views of an authority that lacks credibility
- 3Appeal to IgnoranceWhen a premise states that nothing has been proved by one way or another, and the conclusion makes a definitive assertion
- 4Begging the QuestionCreating the illusion of support for the confusion, but support for (a) kept point(s) is never given
- 5Three specific ways for begging the question1. Create the illusion the premise supports the conclusion by leaving out a shake key premise
2. Restating a possibility false premise as the conclusion
3. Reasoning in a circle - 6Terms without nounsNouns and pronouns that denote classes
- 7Nonstandard VerbsAdding the copulas into statement
- 8Singular PropositionsA propositions that makes an assertion about a specific person, place, thing, or time
- 9Adverbs and PronounsAdverbs: where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, or nowhere, when, whenever, anytime, always, or never
Translated to: places, times
Pronouns: who, whoever, anyone, what, whatever, anything
Translated to: people or things - 10Unexpressed QuantifiersThe quantifiers must be guided by the most probable meaning of the statement
- 11Nonstandard QuantifiersExample: A few soldiers are heroes > Some soldiers are heroes
- 12Conditional StatementsWhen the antecedent and consequent of a conditional statement refer to the same class of things, that statement can usually be translated into categorical form
if > subject
only if > predicate - 13Exclusive PropositionsOnly, none but, none except, and no...except > goes into predicate term
- 14"The only"Translates into all
- 15Exceptive Propositions"All except S are P" and "All but S are P" must be translated into two statements
- 16SyllogismsA deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion
- 17Categorical SyllogismUses categorical prepositions
Ex: All students are people. Some students are bio majors. Therefore, some bio majors are people. - 18Major TermThe predicate of the conclusion in the argument
- 19Minor TermThe subject of the conclusion
- 20Middle TermOne that occurs premise and does not occur in the conclusion
- 21Pointers for Venn Diagrams1. Marks are only made for premises
2. The universal premise should be entered first
3. Give the third circle minimal attention
4."Some S are P" means "At least one S exists and that S is a P" and "Some S are not P" means "At least one S exists and that S is not a P"
5. Shade ALL the area in question
6. the X goes in the unshaded part if the circle is shaded, the not shaded part the X goes on the line
7. X should not go where it would be outside of the diagram - 22Boolean Rules1. Middle term must be distributed at least once
2. If a term is distributed in the conclusion, then it must be distributed in a premise
3. Two negative premises are not allowed
4. A negative premise requires a negative conclusion and a negative conclusion requires a negative premise
5. If both premises are universal the conclusion cannot be particular
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- FlashCards sobre Exam #2 , criado por krupa8711 em 02-11-2015.
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- krupa8711
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