Flashcards
memory
Flashcards do conjunto (14)
- 1What is encoding?- Information is changed or encoded so it can be stored
- acoustic, visual, semantic - 2What is storage?Encoded information is stored in the memory so it can be accessed at a later date
- 3What is retrieval?Accessing the information from storage
- 4What is the Multi Store Model?Sensory Memory - holds information received from senses for a very short period of time
Short Term Memory - Holds approx. seven chunks of information for a limited amount of time
Long Term Memory - Holds a vast amount of information for a very long period of time - 5MurdockA - provide evidence to support the MSM explanation of memory
M - ppts had to learn a list of words presented one at a time for two seconds per word and then recall the words in any order
R - the words at the end of the list were recalled first (recency effect), the words at the begging of the list were recalled quite well (primary effect) and the ones in the middle were poorly recalled
C - this provides evidence for separate short term and long term stores because the primary effect is caused by words going into the LTM and the recency is caused by words still being in the STM - 6Evaluation of Murdock- can explain how memory works in real life
- not everything we learn is rehearsed
- lacks ecological validity - 7What is a Practical Application of MSM?Application = Improving Revision for exams
Explanation
-the MSM states that rehersal allows information to be transferred from STM to LTM
- therefore students should make sure they practise and rehearse information as much as possible when they are learning it in order to ensure it is stored in our LTM - 8What is the Level of Processing Model?-They agreed that STM and LTM were separate stores but they interpreted it in a different way
- They suggested that whether we can remember information or not is dependent on what we do with the information when it comes in - but the way that we process that information
Different levels:
- Structural Processing
- Phonetic Processing
- Semantic Processing - 9Craik and TulvingA - see if the level at which information is processed has an effect on a person's memory
M - told that the study was to test speed of reaction and perception. The presented them with a word very quickly and then asked a question about the word. They were tested with the three levels of processing
R - more words were recalled if ppts had to think about their meaning than if they had to look at their appearance
C - the more deeply material is processed the more likely you are to remember it - 10Evaluation of Levels of Processing- LoP doesn't explain why processing deeply leads to better memory
- lacks ecological validity - 11What is the Practical Application for Levels of Processing?Application = Improving Revision for exams
Explanation
- instead of just reading something repeatedly, a student could write it in their own words
- this would require semantic encoding and therefore deeper processing which should lead to better memory for it later on - 12Wynn and LogieA - see if the recall of familiar stories changed after serial reproduction
M - they asked university students to recall details of their first week at university. They were asked to do this several times throughout the year
R - results showed that the accuracy of their descriptions remained the same no matter how many times they were asked to recall the information
C - memories of familiar events will not change over time - 13Evaluation of Wynn and Logie- sample bias - university students (could they generally have better memories?)
- high ecological validity (we often repeat details of our own experiences to people) - 14Evaluation of Reconstructive MemoryEmphasised the influence of our previous knowledge and experiences in memory
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- FlashCards sobre memory, criado por Ramiya Uthayashankar em 21-06-2016.
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- Ramiya Uthayashankar
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