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Flashcards

Immunology

Wythehi Ambihapathy Biomedical Science Inglês 36 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (36)

  1. 1ImmunologyImmunology
  2. 2AntibodiesLock onto antigens and destroy them
    A major component of humoral immunity
    Five classes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE
    All have the same basic antibody structure
  3. 3Antibody FunctionsNeutralise toxins
    Precipitation, agglutination
    Activate complement
    Enhance phagocytosis (opsonisation)
    Stimulate natural killer cells (NK)
  4. 4IgMPredominant antibody of primary immune response
    Most efficient complement fixing antibody
    Good opsonin
    Very good at agglutinating microorganisms
  5. 5IgGPredominant antibody of a secondary immune response
    Fixes complement IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG2 > IgG4
    Placental transfer IgG1, 3 and 4
    Binds to cell surface Fc receptors on lymphocytes and monocytes
  6. 6IgAPredominant Ig in secretion
    Secretory component produced by epithelial cells. Protects IgA from cleavage
    Specialised for transport to areas in which antibody producing B-cells are absent
    N.B. Most common form of immunodeficiency (1:600)
  7. 7IgDFound on the surface of circulating B lymphocytes often co-expressed with IgM
    Acts in signal transduction following antigen binding leading to B-cell proliferation
  8. 8IgEBonds to Fcε receptors of mast cells and basophils. Contact with antigens subsequently leads to the release of pro-inflammatory agents
    Play a functional role in eliminating parasites in gut
  9. 9Innate Immune SystemInnate vs Acquired Immune Systems
  10. 10Skin/epitheliaPhysical barrier to infection
    Dead epithelial cells, Keratin, Sebaceous glands (pH 3-5), Commensal colonies
  11. 11SecretionsDilution and flushing
    Mucus
  12. 12LeucocytesPhagocytic cells
  13. 13Soluble proteinsBactericidal
    Opsonising
  14. 14PRRsCell surface receptors expressed by phagocytic cells and antigen presenting cells
    Constitutively expressed
    Broad reactivity
  15. 15PAMPsSaccharides or lipids usually absent from the host
    Eg, Bacteria have a number of these moieties present in their cell wall that are not readily found in eukaryote cells
  16. 16PhagocytosisMediated by…
    Macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells
    Adherence
    Phagocytes express PAMPs
    Opsonisation
    Phago-lysosome formation
    Pathogen internalisation & destruction
    Lysosome. Eg, Hydrogen peroxidase and oxygen radicals
    Antigen Presenting Cells
    Major histocompatibility complex
    Activation of the specific immune response
  17. 17Inflammation & Innate Immune ResponsePhysiological response to a variety of stimuli such as infection or tissue injury
    Fever
    Raised body temperature inhibits growth of certain pathogens and increases the rate of tissue repair
    Erythema
    Vasodilation leads to increased transport of nutrients
    Oedema
    Increased capillary permeability induces influx of vascular fluid containing phagocytes and bactericidal proteins
    Acute Phase Response (APP)
    Leukocytosis
    Increased synthesis of soluble mediators of immune system
    Chemokines
    Attract leukocytes
  18. 18Interaction Between Innate & Adaptive Immune ResponseSoluble mediators of the innate system facilitate antigen uptake by phagocytes
    Phagocytes process the pathogen and transform into antigen presenting cells
    Antigen presenting cells present epitopes to lymphocytes
    Triggers adaptive immune response
  19. 19InnatePrevents/slows down the entrance and establishment of infectious agents – pathogens.
    Constantly present
  20. 20AcquiredResponse of antigen specific lymphocytes
  21. 21HumoralElimination of exogenous Ags
    Ab mediated
  22. 22Cell-mediatedElimination of endogenous Ags, Viral, Tumour proteins
  23. 23NeutrophilsPrimary response to inflammation
    Major phagocyte
  24. 24Monocytes/macrophagesPhagocytosis
    Inflammation
    Antigen presenting cells
  25. 25EosinophilsReduced phagocytic role
    Parasitic defence
    Extracellular destruction by secretion of cationic proteins
  26. 26Basophils/mast cellsNon-phagocytic granulocyte
    Release pharmacologically active substances
    Stimulate inflammation FcεR
  27. 27Antigen presenting cellsPresent antigen to lymphocytes
    Dendritic cell
  28. 28B-lymphocytesUpon activation they differentiate to Ab-secreting plasma cells
  29. 29TC cellsCytotoxic T cells capable of recognising foreign antigen displayed on cell surface inducing apoptosis in abnormal/infected cells
  30. 30TH cellsCapable of recognising foreign antigen displayed on cell surface inducing B-cell activation.
  31. 31Innate response…Granulocytes, Macrophage/monocytes
  32. 32Humoral response…APC, B-cells, TH-cells
  33. 33Cell-mediated response…TC-cells, TH-cells
  34. 34Adaptive immune ResponsePrimary cells include APC, T-cells and B-cells
    B and T-cell receptors are monovalent
    Tremendous diversity of recognition molecules
  35. 35Humoral Immune Response‘Humor’ = latin meaning body fluids
    Mostly target extracellular parasites and bacteria
    Following stimulation, B–cells differentiate into Ab secreting plasma cells and memory cells
    Antibodies are the major effector function
  36. 36Cell-Mediated Immune ResponseMostly target virally-infected and malignant cells
    Tc cells
    Facilitate cell damage and induce apoptosis

Informações

Descrição
Biomedical Science FlashCards sobre Immunology, criado por Wythehi Ambihapathy em 05-02-2017.
Criado por
Wythehi Ambihapathy · fev 2017
Atualizado
5 fev 2017
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