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Flashcards

Memory

megandee Intro to Psychology Bachelor of Psychology Inglês 39 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (39)

  1. 1What is memoryMemory is a process of encoding, storage and retrieval of information
  2. 2Define the memory process3 stage process: Encoding- transferring information into a form that can be stored in memory; Storage- keeping or maintaining the information in memory; Retrieval- Bringing to mind the information stored in memory
  3. 3Patient HMHenry Molaison (Scolville and Milner 1952) is most studied brain in psychology, as he had epileptic seizure and was operated on doctors removed medial temporal lobe (Bilateral temporal lobe resection), LTM abolished, but STM intact
  4. 4What was removed in HMHippocampus 2/3, parahippocampal gyrus (medial temporal love) and the amygdala removed bilaterally
  5. 5What effects did the operation have on HM memory?Anterograde (problem with memory from after surgery- Retrieval) and temporary retrograde amnesia (problems with remmebering information from before surgery- encoding) and consildation
  6. 6How does HM benefit psychologyShows support for the role of the temporal lobes and hipppocampus for the establishment of Long Term mememory
  7. 7Function of prefrontal cortexContains are important for working memory
  8. 8Cerebral cortex functionAfter consolidating information in hippocampul areas, stores memories widely in distrubuted areas
  9. 9Hippocampus FunctionCrucial to the consolidation of memories, along with adjacent structures in the medial temporal lobe
  10. 10Amygdala FunctionLearned fears and emotional memory
  11. 11Cerebellum functionContains area crucial to neural circuits for conditioned eyeblink repsonses
  12. 124 stage types of memorySensory memory, Short term memory, working memory and long term memory
  13. 13Sensory InformationTemporary storage for sensory information. Capacity is large Duration for visual is fraction of second whereas auditory is about 2 seconds. Encodes (attention) valuable to STM or if not decays.
  14. 14Short Term Memory (STM)Brief storage for info currently being used, Codes info according to sound T=Tee, acts as mental workplace for carrying out mental activity. Capacity is between 5-9 items (7). Duration is less than 30 seconds. Encodes it onto LTM through encoding by rehearsal (repeating or engaging further). Displaces unworthy info by the new info pushing old out. Memory neumonics such as chunking and method of Losi.
  15. 15ChunkingGrouping or organizing bits of info into larger units, which are easier to remember such as FBI. Exploits limits of STM
  16. 16Method of losiCollect new information with existing information association
  17. 17Explain levels of processing in STMBy Craik and Lockhart encoding in STM not only phonological, but is effected by general knowledge/meaning
  18. 18Working Memorymemory subsystem when try and understand information, remember it, use it to solve problem, or communicate to someone. A limited capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of info for complex tasks such as learning, comprehension and reasoning.
  19. 19Working memory processesMaintenance rehearsal - repeat info over and over until no longer needed, may lead to storage in LTM. Elaborative rehearsal- Memory tragedy relating new info with something that's already knwon
  20. 20Baddeleys 4 working components of working memoryPhonological loop- Rehearsing info, last around 2 seconds and avoid rapid decay. Visiospatial scetchpad- stores visual and spatial info (metal maps) can further be devided into visual and texture subsystems. Episodic Buffer- Refers to process that integrate visual, spatial and phonological info. Central Executive- Directs attention to relevant info suppressing irrelevant info.
  21. 21Long Term MemoryStores info longer -minutes to lifetime, The more deeper, semantic or elaborative rehearsal is the better quality of memory, Encodes through meaning, capacity is infinite, loss through interference or inhibition(problems with retrieval not storage)
  22. 22How is LTM organised?Through semantic network: Nodes represnting concepts joined together by pathways that link related concepts. When lose memory loose how to find it not the actual concept itself.
  23. 23Types of long term memoryLTM can be divided into Explicit (Concious) and Implicit (Unconscious)
  24. 24Explicit (declarative)Divided into Episodic (When remember things about personal event in fine detail) memory and semantic memory (General knowledge but don't know where you got it from)
  25. 25Implicit (Non Declarative)Priming and procedural Memory
  26. 26Influences of quality of memoryRetrieval and reconstruction
  27. 27Influences on retrieval in LTMSerial Position Effect, Levels of processing, Context effect (encoding specificity), Rationalization, aromaticity
  28. 28What is the Serial Position EffectRetrieval is influenced by the order in which you viewed the information. Tend to remember more items at the beginning of the list (primary effect) and at the end of the list (recency effect) than in the middle of the list.
  29. 29What is level of processingRelationship between how we encode (process) information and the subsequent ability to retrieve that information. Deeper processing = longer lasting memory codes. Level of processing at both encoding and retrieval important (Craik and Lockhart)
  30. 30Name three encoding levelsStructural (shallow) what it looks like upper and lower case letters, Phonemic (Intermediate) what does it sound like, what does it rhyme with and Semantic (deep) what does it mean.
  31. 31What is Context effect (Encoding specificity)Match between Context in which you code the information in and the context you are are asked to retrieve the information. Match between the encode context and retrieval context important (Godden and baddeley)
  32. 32Encoding SpeceficityThe value of the retrieval cue depends on how well it responds to the memory code
  33. 33What is AutomaticityInplicit info vs explicit info. When info can be retrieved automatically, working memory space is freed up for other tasks. It is the ability to recall info from long term memory without effort.
  34. 34Reconstruction effects on LTM1. Flashbulbs 2. Misinformation 3. Culture 4. Expertise 5. Schemas
    Not a mental video tape that plays exactly what happens back its distorted and omission.
  35. 35What is misinformation effectRecall event that is altered by post event information
  36. 36SchemasPiece together an event from a few highlights, frameworks of knowledge and assumptions we have on people, objects and events
  37. 37CultureAbility store and retrieve info is influenced by status and importance in culture
  38. 38ExpertiseExtensive amount of background knowledge that is relevant to reconstructive memory task. Make fewer distortions.
  39. 39FlashbulbMemories for shocking emtion provoking events that include information about the source from which the information was acquired. Subject to reconstruction changes over time

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Bachelor of Psychology Intro to Psychology FlashCards sobre Memory, criado por megandee em 26-04-2014.
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megandee
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