Flashcards
Ch.3 Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience
Flashcards do conjunto (25)
- 1Single-Cell RecordingsAnimals: Extensively used in a variety of visual and auditory tasks
Humans: Occasionally used in treating epilepsy of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) - 2Stages of MemoryEncode: identify the visible target
Compare: compare mental representation of the target with the representations of items in memory
Decide: does target match one of the memorized items?
Respond: Make the correct decision - 3Lobe Damage and Cognitive Dissociation (testing memory)
- 4Deep Brain StimulationSurgical implants of a microelectrode directly in the brain (Can help manage Parkinson's)
- 5MagnetoencephalographyAverages the recorded magnetic fields from synaptic activity that are perpendicular to the current
- 6Transcranial Magnetic StimulationUsed to briefly disrupt cognitive processing
Greater impact on surface cortical areas
- 7Transcranial Direct Current StimulationLow-level currents that result in action potentials under the anodes
- 8Magnetic Resonance ImagingIn a normal state, orientation of spinning protrons is random
MRI magnetic field aligns the orientation protons
Applying a radio frequency pulse shifts the proton axes in a predictable manner and puts them in an elevated energy state
When the pulse is turned off, the MRI detects the energy released when the protons reorient to the magnetic field - 9Positron Emission TomographyMeasures blood flow, oxygen use, and sugar (glucose) metabolism
- 10Functional Magnetic Resonance ImagingBlood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) Signal
This is an indirect measure of neural activity.
- 11Computed TomographyCT/CAT
Multiple X-rays used to get 3-D structure of the brain - 12Diffusion Tensor ImagingDTI
Uses magnetic resonance scanner to measure white matter pathways (the density and motion of water in the axons)
- 13Tools for Measuring Neural Activity
- 14Cognitive ApproachStudies mental activity as an information-processing problem
Information depends on internal representation
Mental representations undergo transformation - 15Word Superiority EffectMore accurate identifying a target letter if it is presented in a word
- 16AngiogramProvides image of arteries in the brain by taking an x-ray after injecting a dye
- 17Stroop TaskRead the color of the presented word, not the color the word spells
- 18EpilepsyExcessive and abnormally patterned activity in the brain
- 19Pharmacological StudiesAdministration of a drug that mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter (promotes or inhibits transmission; agonist or antagonist)
- 20Gene Knockout ProceduresAllows scientists to explore the consequences of the lack of expression of a single gene in order to determine its role in behavior
- 21Multiunit RecordingRecording many individual neurons simultaneously
- 22ElectroencephalographyElectrodes embedded in a cap used to record electrical potentials at the scalp
- 23Event-Related PotentialA tiny signal embedded in an ongoing EEG triggered by a stimulus.
By averaging the traces, a signal reflecting neural activity can be extracted that is specifically related to the event that provoked it - 24ElectrocortogramLike an EEG, but the electrodes are placed directly on the surface of the brain
- 25Block Design ExperimentNeural activity is recorded over a "block" of time during which a participant is shown a stimulus or performs a task
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- Psychology FlashCards sobre Ch.3 Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience, criado por Thomas Davis em 07-03-2017.
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- Thomas Davis
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