Lecture one

History of the ocean

time line

150 - 1400 AD - dark ages wouldnt map the sea as they thought it was full of monsters

500 - 150 AD - greek philosophy - created latitude and longitude for maps

<500 B.C early exploration - mostly middle east

15th - 16th century - age of discovery - circumnavigtion began

17th - 19th - hydrography and mapping - used in the challenger expedition = ocean science begins

1872-1876 AD - challenger expedition - the first scientific research vessel - used for plankton trawling

modern research vessels are more like floating laboratories such as the james clark ross - used for antartic studies, on board it has different kinds of deployment - ctd rosette and a optics ring - for water samples and analysis techniques - oxygen, nutrient and green house gas.

sampling

sea floor

Benthic lander

sediment corer - used to remove whole sediment = shows layers

mapping

AUV - used for tracking the sea floor

underwater gliders - behind the boat taking mapp of the bottom

Argo floats - used for upper profiling

wave gliders - are used to determine wave frequencie

usefull for non trade root areas

ROVs - used for sampling deep water as no one has to be in it - usefull for all sampling methods

research submarines - underwater sampling

deep sea drilling project and FLIP - floating platform

future - oceanography from space - scans the earth for changes in sediments - also for abiotic factors