Cold war

Cold war

1. Yalta Confrence 1945

   • Febuary 1945 {months before germany surrendered} Franklin Roosavelt- USA , Winstin Churchill - UK, Josef Stalin - USSR met at yalta in the Ukraine. this was to decide what was going to happen to germany after the wwII ended.
     • It was decided that all of the three would focus on defeating japan after germany had surrendered to completely end the WWII. Germany would be divided into 4 zones controlled by American , British , French and Rusiian. The criminals responsible for the genocide were found and punished. All would join NATO ( organisation designed to keep peace) and finally the ussr would be allowed greater influence over eastern europe.
       • The only disagreement was that stalin wanted to extend the border of USSR to cover poland. He said that poland would then move its own border west into german territory . Churchill and Roosavelt disapproved but they couldn't do anything because Stalins Red army had already seized Poland and eastern germany as WWII was unfolding. Churchill made clear that they could not interfere with greece or turkey as uk were trying to stop communism from taking over in this country

2. Potsdam Confrence

   • In July 1945 potsdam conference was organised , potsdam , berlin. Stalins armies had stayed in the countries it freed from germany
   • Roosavelt died and was replaced by harry Truman Who was very Anti Communist. and was VERY Suspicious of Stalin
   • The isa had developed and tested an atomic bomb in the american dessert. Stalins spies had been monitoring the development of this atomic bomb . this highlighted the level of mistrust between the 2 leaders.
   • Events before potsdam
   • What happened at Potsdam
     • Potsdam didn't go as smoothly as Yalta because Churchill lost the general election and was replaced by clement ahlyee . tension mounted in the conference between truman and stalin with aylee unable to stop it . they both disagreed on how to deal with germany . stalin wanted to cripple germanys military but truman was much more cautious of this because he feared they may become bitter.and may seek revenge in the future
       • Stalin demanded 10 million dollars for damage to ussr but truman resisted this agin because of fear of becoming bitter
         • AS the conference was taking place japan refused to surrender so america dropped an atomic bomb on japan. some historians believe that truman did this to give stalin a warning of what he was capable of .

3. Hitler died, germany surrendered the war in europe was over.

4. The border between east and west germany was described as the iron curtain.

5. Stalin was keen to control turkey because he could then have soviet ships accessing the mediteranan easier

   • Truman was fearful of this because he could easily spread communism to the middle east region which is where isa get there oil from

6. the only country not under communist influence was greece but when uk said that they couldn't afford to keep uk troops in greece to stop communist from seizing power truman released the truman doctrine

   • The truman Doctrine
     • Was a american foreign policy that was created to counter soviet geopolitical expansion during the cold war,announced on march 12th 1947 and continued as he pledged to contain soviet threats to greece and turkey . requested for 400000000 dollars in aid to send to greece and turkey . he argued that a communist victory would make turkey unstable
       • Marshall plan.
         • Truman believed that places with mass poverty and a lack of resources , angry population . he ordered george marshall to address the economic state of europe by giving 17 billion dollars to help rebuild its economy. spent on food and raw materials like medicine and viechles.
           • Congress finally let the plan go ahead when czscheaslovakia became communist
         • Berlin blockade
           • Stalin was determind to keep eastern germany crippled to stamp his authority on the city of berlin . he blocked roads , railways, canals , which linked to west berlin to the rest of germany to stop any supplies reaching the suffering 2 million. the thinking behind it was that if the people of east germany were isolated they'd be starved into accepting stalins control potentially starved into communism
           • Berlin airlift
             • the situation in berlin was dangerous because any act of aggression form france britian or isa could have been taken as a declaration of war, truman was determined to act against stalin because if stalin got away with cutting off west berlin then he'd try doing the same with other cities in the west. the berlin airlift began in june of 1948 this was when flew planes full of supplies like food clothing etc over to berlin. however there was fear of the planes being shot down as they were flying over soviet controlled land

7. After wwII germany was in ruins and the economy was struggling to rebuil which concerned isa and uk and france because it could lead to spread of communism . by 1948 stalin was still determined to keep a stamp on germany and to cripple its country but truman still disagreed with that

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