Mapa mental

Approaches- Behaviourism

Grace Fawcitt Psychology AS level Inglês

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Only interested in observable and therefore measurable behaviour
- Disregarded mental processes and role of biology
  - Primarily used lab studies to maintain objectivity
  - Also studied animals, as they are quantitatively different but qualitatively similar
Classical conditioning
- Pavlov's dogs
  - Unconditioned stimulus- food
    - Unconditioned response- salivation
  - Neutral stimulus- bell
    - Response- none
  - Food+ bell
    - Response- salivation
  - Conditioned stimulus- bell
    - Conditioned response- salivation
- Learning through association
Operant conditioning
- Learning through consequences
- Skinner's rats
  - 1953
  - Positive reinforcement
    - Rat in box, presses lever, gets treat
      - Learns to press lever via reward
  - Negative reinforcement
    - Rat in box, floor is electrified, presses lever, floor turns off
    - Learns to press lever to avoid negative occurence
- Positive reinforcement
  - Reward for behaviour
- Punishment
  - Unpleasant consequence
- Negative reinforcement
  - Removal from unpleasant situation, no reward
Evaluation
- Scientific credibility
  - Objectivity and replication
- Real life application
  - Token economy systems
  - Treatment of phobias
- Mechanistic view of behaviour
  - Suggests passivity of people
  - Disregards activity of mental processes
- Environmental determinism
  - No free will
- Ethical and practical issues of animal studies
  - Causes harm
    - Pain and stress affects responses
  - Not people

Descrição: AS level Psychology (Approaches) Mapa Mental sobre Approaches- Behaviourism, criado por Grace Fawcitt em 15-01-2018.
Criado por: Grace Fawcitt
Visualizações: 16
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