Infectious Agents

Infectious Agents

1. Protozoa

   • Coccidia
     • Toxoplasma Gondii
       • FINAL = Cat
         • PPP = 1-2 wks
       • IMH = Sheep
         • Abortions
     • Neospora Caninum
       • IMH = Cattle
         • 1st trimester
           • Abortion
         • 2nd Trimester
           • Neurological Signs
         • 3rd Trimester
           • Normal
         • Reactivated at pregnancy
       • FINAL = Dog
     • Eimeria
       • POULTRY
         • E. tenella E. brunetti E. necatrix E. maxima E. mitis E.acervulina E. praecox
       • 1 Oocyt = 4 sporocyst (2 sporozoites)
       • Cow, Horse, Pig, Goat, Rabbit, Sheep
     • Isospora
       • Cat, Dog, Pigs
         • 10 day Scour
       • Life Cycle similar to Eimeria
         • 1 Ooctye = 2 sporocysts (4 sporozoites)
     • Cryptosporidia
       • parvum
       • NO SPOROCYSTS
       • extremely snall oocyst
       • Low infection dose
       • Waterborne

2. Nematode

   • Toxocara canis
     • Oral
     • Transplacental
     • Transmammary
     • Paratenic host
     • L3 Arrest
     • PPP=16-21 days
     • Migration from respiratory to gut
   • Trichostrongyloidea
     • Ostertagia ostertagi
       • L4 hypobiosis
       • PPP=21days
       • Morroco leather of the abomasum
       • Wormy larva emerging from cell
         • Looks like garden eel

3. Trematode

   • Fasciola (Liver)
     • Fasciola hepatica
       • Sheep and Cattle
       • Aquatic snails
         • Galba truncatula
       • PPP = 10-12 wks
       • Acute
         • Migration of juvenile
       • subacute
         • Migration of juvenile from Liver and adult in Bile
       • Chronic
         • Adult in Bile Ducts
         • Rubber Jaw
   • Dicroceolium dendriticum (liver)
     • Land Snails => Ants
     • Sheep, Cattle, Horse, Rabbits
       • Effects the old
   • Paramphistomatidae (rumen)
     • Aquatic snails
     • Cattle and Sheep
     • Juveniles pathogenic
     • PPP = 7-10 wks

4. Cestodes

   • Dipyludium caninum
     • Dogs
     • Double gential pore
     • PPP = 3 weeks
   • Taenia Saginata
     • Human
     • Undercooked beef
     • NO HOOKS
     • PPP = 2-3 mo
   • Taenia solium
     • Pigs and humans
     • Cyst in CNS
   • Echinococcus granulosus granulosus
     • Hydatid cyst
     • IMH = Sheep
     • FINAL = dog
     • PPP = 40-50 days

5. Bacteria

   • Salmonella
     • S. enterica
     • S. bongori (unimportant)
     • Many serotypes
     • Enteric
       • Zoonotic
       • many serotypes
       • neutrophils and Macrophage
     • Systemic
       • Specific/restricted Host
       • Lymphnodes then spread
       • DEATH
     • Fimbriae
       • Type 3 secretion system
     • pathogenicity islands
   • E. coli
     • Most strains NOT zoonitic
     • Diarrheal Disease
       • ETEC
         • Non-invasive
         • Non-inflammatory
         • Host specific (NOT zoonotic
         • heat labile and heat stable, specefic fimbriae
       • EPEC
         • Attaches to cell
         • T3SS
       • EHEC
         • T3SS
         • zoonotic
         • Verotoxins/Shiga toxin
     • Extraintestinal infection
   • Campylobacter
     • C. jejuni
       • zoonotic
       • Flagella
       • Invasive
     • lead in food poisoning

6. Virus

   • Canine adenovirus (CAV-1)
     • Canine hepatitis
     • CAV-2 = kennel cough
     • No envelope
     • Fibre for binding
     • DNA
     • Primary site = liver, kidneys, eyes
   • Feline coronavirus (FcoV)
     • Enveloped
     • RNA
     • No vaccine
     • Primary = GIT

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