memory

memory

1. encoding, storage retrieval

2. multi-store model

3. sensory store

   • visual- few milliseconds echoic 2-3 seconds
     • thompson 500 millseconds reduce with age

4. short term encoding

   • Baddeley- 75ps four word lists, acoustic simlar/disimilar semantically similar/disimilar acoustic similar the worst 10% others better 60-80%
   • capacity
     • Jacobs- seriel digit span most recalled between 5-9 items
   • duration
     • P+P remember letters with no rehersal after 18 seconds with no rehersal only 5% recall

5. long term encoding

   • semantic acoustic and visual
   • capacity- limitless
   • duration
     • different LTM have longer durations than other
       • Bahrick ex school students age 17-74 names over time only some loss over time possibly due to interference or decay

6. types of long term memory

   • explicit- concioudly brought to mind such as date of birth only recalled when conciouslly thought about formed from several memories
     • episodic memory- contains personal memories emotions and events affected by depth of processing time stamped Tulving PFC frontal lobes more activity when recalling episodic memories
     • semantic memory is the meaning of things such as a train station this is researched as a seperate store by Vicari and CL a 8 yr old girl had brain tumour removed her semantic memory fine but some episodic memory damaged
   • implicit unconciously recalled such as walking or driving a car
     • procedural memory- learned taks with little thought such as playing piano such as Clive wearing had damaged his LTM episodically but could remember to play the piano without remembering he could

7. working memory model- Baddeley and hitch

   • Phonological loop inner voice 2 second duration and capacity PAS passive store ARS reherses and repeats info heard
     • brain scans left hemisphere 2 sites
   • visuo-spatial sketchpad stores visual info such as pictures visual cashe stores form and colour and inner scirbe spatial relationships reherses and transfers to CE
     • baddeley duel task meaning two visual cant be done but one visual and one phonological can be done
   • episodic buffer hold 4 items both visual and phonological puts them together from CE
   • word length affect baddeley

8. Forgetting

   • interference
     • proactive- when old memories disrupt new memories
     • retroactive- new memories disrupt old memories
   • absence of cues Tulving if cues are present when retrieving that were then for encoding then retrieval is easier
   • context godden and baddely
     • divers- better recall in same context
   • state dependent forgetting
     • Darley Found Ps that hid money when high more likely to find it when high again
       • may only be episodic and semantic as skills like riding bike are not state dependant

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