Intelligence

Intelligence

1. Defining Intelligence

   • Intelligence cannot be seen, it has no mass, and it occupies no space. Nevertheless, we feel certain it exists.
   • Intelligence-An overall capacity to think rationally, act purposely and deal effectively with the environment.
   • 5 Aspects of Intellignce
     • Fluid reasoning
       • The factor tests reasoning ability with questions.
     • Knowledge
       • This factor assesses the person's knowledge about a wide range of topics.
     • Quantitative reasoning
       • Test items for this factor measure a person's ability to solve problems involving numbers.
     • Visual spatial processing
       • People who have visual spatial skills are good at putting picture puzzles together and copying geometric shapes.
     • Working Memory
       • This part of the SB5 Measures the ability to use short term memory.

2. Intelligence Quotients

   • Chronological age
     • A persons age in years
   • Mental age
     • The average mental ability displayed by people of a given age.
   • Intelligence quotient
     • And index of intelligence defined by mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100

3. IQ

   • Deviation IQ
     • An IQ obtained statistically from a person's relative standing in his or her age group; that is, how far above or below average the person's score was relative to other scores.
   • Verbal intelligence
     • Intelligence measured by answering questions involving vocabulary, general information, arithmetic, and other language
   • Performance Intelligence
     • Intelligence measured by solving puzzles, assembling objects, completing pictures, and other nonverbal tasks
   • Individual intelligence test
     • A test of intelligence designed to be given to a single individual by a trained specialist.
   • Group intelligence test
     • Any intelligence test that can be administrated to a group of people with minimal supervision.

4. Mental Retardation

   • The presence of a developmental disability, an IQ score below 70, or a significant impairment of adaptive behavior.
   • If family members are retarded so can their kids.

5. Organic sources of Retardation

   • Phenylketonuria
     • A genetic disease that allows phenylpyruvic acid to accumulate the boy.
   • Microcephaly
     • A disorder in which the head and brain are abnormally small.
   • Hydrocephaly
     • A buildup of cerebraspinal fluid within the brain cavities
   • Cretinism
     • Stunted growth and mental retardation caused by an insufficent supply of thyroid hormone.
   • Down Syndrome
     • A genetic disorder cause by the presence of a extra chromosome;Results in mental retardation.
   • Fragile-X syndrome
     • A genetic form of mental retardation cause by a defect in x chromosome

6. Heredity and Environment

   • Fraternal twins
     • Twins conceived from two seperate eggs
     • Identical twins
       • Twins who develop from the a single egg and have identical genes
   • Eugenics
     • Selective breeding for desirable characteristics.
   • Early childhood education program
     • Programs that provide stimulating intellectual experiences typically for disadvantaged preschoolers.

7. More intelligences!

   • Neutral intelligence
     • The innate speed and efficiency of a person's brain and nervous system.
   • Experiental intelligence
     • Specialized knowledge and skills acquired through learning and experience
   • Reflective intelligence
     • An ability to become aware of one's own thinking habits.
   • Metacognitive skills
     • An ability to manage one's own thinking and problem solving efforts
   • G-factor
     • A core of general intellectual ability that is assumed to explain the high correlations among various measures of intelligence.