Proteins

Proteins

1. demonstration

   • NH3+ : left, COO- : right

2. naming

   • All "il" left one a.a name

3. smaller parts

   • peptides
     • peptide bond
       • remaining a.a : AA residue
     • up to 50 AA
   • polypeptides
     • 50-2000 AA = Pr
       • AA weight = 110
       • biggest Pr
         • Titin
           • 27000 AA
           • a molecular spring which is responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle
   • oligopeptide
     • up to 10 AA
     • TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone)
       • secreted from hypothalamus
       • provoking TSH (anterior pituitary)
       • 3 peptides - 2 abnormal
         • amino end : glutamic acid
           • Pyroglutamyl
         • carboxyl end : Proline
           • Prolyamide
     • Glutathione
       • tri-peptide
       • works as an antioxidant
         • when oxidized, 2 molecules form disulfide bonds
         • oxidizing enzyme
           • glutathione peroxidase
             • SE
         • Reducing enzyme
           • Glutathione reductase
             • FAD
     • peptide hormones
       • ADH
       • Calcitonin
       • ACTH
       • Glucagon

4. bonds

   • NH-Cα
     • can rotate freely
       • Psi -Ψ
       • Phi-φ
   • Cα-CO
   • CO-NH
     • acts as a double bond
       • can't rotate
         • Configuration
           • Cis
           • Trans
         • every 6 atoms are Coplanar

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