Attachment

Attachment

1. Schaffer & Emerson (1964)

   • The Asocial Stage (0-2m)
   • The Indiscriminate Attachment Stage (2-7m)
   • The Specific Attachment Stage (approx. 7m)
   • The Multiple Attachment Stage

2. John Bowlby

   • Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis
     • Affectionless Psychopathy
     • Developmental Retardation
     • Privation & Deprivation
   • Evolutionary Basis of Attachment
     • Attachments formed for evolutionary advantages
   • Social Releasers & Instinctive Parenting Responses
     • Social Releasers are the babies behaviours to get a parental response
     • Failure to do so can cause psychological damage
   • Internal Working Model
     • We replicate our first attachment

3. Mary Ainsworth

   • Strange Situation
     • 8 Episodes, each last 3 mins
   • Classification Types
     • Type A - Avoidant
       • No distress when carer leaves, doesn't make contact when they return
     • Type B - Secure
       • Not much distress when left alone with stranger, greets carer positively when they return, distressed when they leave, readily accept comfort when they return
     • Type C - Resistant/Ambivalent
       • explores less, very distressed when left with stranger, when carer returns they rush over but don't readily accept comfort
     • Type D - Disorganised/Disorientated
       • Mix of type A and C may switch between or combine them
   • Sensitive Responsiveness
     • How well the primary carer responds to the childs signals
   • Later Consequences
     • Difficulty forming relationships
     • Difficulties balancing work & social life
     • Difficulties with cognitive development