Memory

Memory

1. Multi Store Explanation of Memory

   • Key words
     • Encoding : Changing information so that it can be stored
     • Storage: Holding information in the memory system
     • Retrival : Recovering information from storage.
     • Sensory store : Holding information recieved from the senses for a very short period of time
     • Short Term store: Holds 7 chunks of information approx. for a limited amount of time.
     • Long Term Store: Holds avast amount of info for a very long period of time.
   • Murdock
     • Aim: To provide evidence to support multi memory store Method: participants had to learn list of words presented for 2 sec per word. then they had to recall words in any order. Results: Words at the end of the list recalled first (Recency effect) Words from the beginning also recalled well ) Primacy effect) Middle words -Not so well
       • Conclusion: Provides evidence for short term & Long term store. Recency shows still in short term. Primacy-shows that it moved to long term

2. Levels of Processing

   • Craik and Lockart
     • Aim: to see if the type of questions asked about words wil have an effect on the number of words recalled
       • Method: Participants were presented with a list of words one at a time and asked questions about each word, to which they had to answer yes or no. Some questions required structural processing, others required phonetic processing and the rest required semantic processing
   • Structural Processing - Thinking about the physical appearance of the words to be learnt
   • Phonetic - Thinking of the sound of words to be learnt.
   • Semantic: Thinking about the meaning of words to be learnt.

3. Factors affecting reliability of eyewitness

   • Loftus and Palmer
     • Aim: to see if asking leading qs will affect the accuracy of recall.
       • Method : Partcipants were shown films of car accidents. some asked " how fast was the car going when it "Hit" the car. other asked, "How fast was the car going when it smashed the other car:
         • Results : Those who heard smash, gave a higher speed estimate than those who heard " Hit"
           • Conclusion : Leading qs will affect the accuracy of recall