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2942134
LECTURE 17
Descrição
SEAL
Sem etiquetas
seal
petroleum
lecture 17
mindmap
semester
Mapa Mental por
Hoa Truong
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Hoa Truong
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LECTURE 17
PETROLEUM SYSTEM
Elements
Source rock
reservoir rock
SEAL rock
prevent migrate of H/C through reservoir + force H/C accum. in trap
low permeability, non-porous, small pore throats - trap H/C
Types
Fine-grained rocks
siltstones, shales, mudstones
cappillary seal (completely seal)
susceptible to breaching by fracturing
may be source rocks as well as seal rocks
Clay smear/fault gouge in fault zone
capillary seal
may provide fault seals
Evaporites
non-permeable
self-sealing (ductility) - high sealing integrity
Modes
cap seals
Potential depends
Capacity
max. capillary pressure/ column height
displacement pressure
pressure required to form a filament of mercury through pore space
Capillary pressure vs. buoyancy
capillary increase-column height increase-buoyancy increase at top of reservoir-H/C invade seal through large pore where cap. pressure is lower
upward migrate H/C driven by buoyancy (density difference betw. fluids) oppose cap.pressure
Migration change depth+shape reservoir
Buoyancy press. > displacement press - seal leak
geometry (seal closure)
thickness + areal extend
Seal intergrity
Mechanical properties, lithological+ structural homogeneity, ductility
fault seals
Types
Damage
processes (grain crushing)- membrane seal (limestone)
sand:sand windows across fault due
shale gouge
ductile shale beds either side of fault entrained in fault zone
cataclasis
grains breaks+crushes -fine grained gouges -loss pores
cementation
fluid flow along once permeable fault
Juxtaposition
fault juxtaposes sealing rock again reservoir rock- juxtaposition fault seal
sand:sand high risk, sand:seal low risk
Reactivation
fault reactivate after trap charged-high risk H/C migrate along active fault zone
stick-slip-stick
fault seal valving with periodic pore pressure rise then fluid release
Quality
Good (perfect)- capillary seal
Poor- rate seal
Overburden rock
Processes
trap formation
H/C migration
H/C accum..
trap&H/C preservation
H/C generation
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