Memory

Memory

1. Long term memory

   • Episodic LTM
     • Specific events in time
   • Semantic LTM
     • Factual information such as the meanings of words
   • procedural LTM
     • Knowing how we do things
     • Clive Wearing
       • Did not lose his procedural memory so didnt lose musical abilities
       • Suffers from anterograde and retrograde amnesia
       • He contracted herpesviral encephalitis which attacked his nervous system.
       • This damaged his hippocampus
       • He is completely unable to form lasting memories
   • Potentially permanent memory It has been rehearsed for a prolonged time
   • Bahrick et al (1975) Research into the duration of LTM

2. Multi-Store Model

   • Sensory Register
     • A stimulus from the environment. Sound of someones name, smells.
     • It is several stores for each of our 5 senses
     • Sperling (1960) Research into the capacity
   • LTM
   • STM
   • STRENGTHS- you can understand that there is different stores and the simplicity of the model means it is easy to understand the memory better. Amnesia case studies have supported this model and support the theory that there are separate stores
   • WEAKNESSES- Its too simplistic and it doesn't take into account everyone and people who have lost their memory. Also it is too reductionist because it only looks at one possible aspect

3. Working memory model

   • The central executive
     • Baddeley (1996) Research into the central executive
   • The phonological loop
     • Auditory
     • Baddeley et al (1975) Research into the phonological loop
   • Visuo-spatial sketchpad
     • Gathercolle and baddeley (1993) Research into the vissuo- spatial sketchpad
   • The episodic buffer
     • Prabharkaran et al (2000) Research into the episodic buffer
   • STRENGTHS - lots of different components so it is detailed. Fully explains why/how some meaning is lost and some is stored. Supports selective memory loss and it is easy to learn
   • WEAKNESSES- only explains short term memory. CE is very difficult to investigate. Research carried out isn't very true to real life.

4. Coding

   • How perceptual representations are

5. Capacity

   • The maximum amount something can contain

6. Duration

   • The time in which something continuous

7. chunking

   • Grouping together connected items or words so they can be stored as single concepts