Memory

Memory

1. Stages of Memory

   • 1. Encoding: Sensory experiences are coded and stored
   • 2. Storage: Information is retained temporarily / permanently
   • 3. Retrieval: Info is located in the memory system and put to use

2. Sensory Memory: Sensory info stored for less than seconds. Attention sends it to STM

   • Iconic Store = Visual
     • Sperling 1960: 3 conditions, grid 12 letters, tone presented, whole report vs. partial report, can store at least 12 letters in iconic store for less than 1 sec.
   • Echoic Store = Auditory
     • Darwin, Turvey & Crowder 1972: 3 digits / letters played on 3 different channels at the same time and asked to recall a channel, echoic memory found to store at least 9 items, but last less than 4 seconds
   • Haptic Store = Touch

3. STM / WM: Info stored for a few seconds before it is forgotten or sent to LTM

4. LTM: A potentially permanent store for all info and experiences

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