Joints

Joints

1. are the links between the bones of the skeleton. They allow movement and stabilise areas of the body.

2. Fibrous

   • No movement
   • Most stable
   • Joints between the bones of the skull
   • Joints between the fused bones of the sacrum and coccyx

3. Cartilaginous

   • Little movement
   • Stable
   • Joints between the adjacent vertebrae in the cervical and thoracic

4. Synovial

   • Free movement
   • Least stable
   • Joints between the bones of the arms and legs
   • Features
     • Ligament
       • A band of strong fibrous tissue (structure)
       • To connect bone to bone (function)
     • Synovial fluid
       • A slippery fluid with the consistency of egg - whites that is contained within the joint cavity (structure)
       • To reduce the friction between the articular cartilage and the joint (function)
     • Articular cartilage
       • Glassy - smooth cartilage that is spongy and the covers the ends of the bones in the joint (structure)
       • To absorb shock and prevent friction between the ends of the bones in the joint (function)
     • Joint Capsule
       • A tough fibrous tissue that has 2 layers, with the fibrous capsule lying outside the synovial membrane (structure)
       • The fibrous capsule helps strengthen the joint, while the synovial membrane line the join and secrets synovial fluid
   • Types
     • Ball and socket
       • Shoulder and hip
       • Allows greatest range of movement
     • Pivot
       • Spine
       • Movement is restricted
     • Saddle
     • Condyloid
       • Wrist
       • Allows second greatest range of movement
     • Gliding
       • Spine
       • Movement severely limited

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