Retrival failure

Retrival failure

1. we need cues to help us retrieve memories

   • internal cue
     • state dependent forgetting
   • external cue
     • context dependent forgetting
   • encoding specificity principle- why we need cues- tulving believed BEST RECALL occour when CUES are there when we ENCODE the info

2. forgetting

   • context dependent
     • Godden and baddeley
       • AIM: to see if people tested in the same enviroment would recall info better than those who learn and are tested in different enviroments
       • METHOD: participents were DEEP SEA DIVERS had to learn a list of word
         • GROUP 1: learn and recall underwater
         • GROUP 2: learn underwater and recall on shore
         • GROUP 3: learn and recall on shore
         • GROUP 4: learn on shore and recall underwater
       • RESULTS: groups 1&3 recalled 40% more than 2&4
       • CONCLUSION: recall will be better if it happens in the sme context as learning
     • evaluate
       • Lab study- lacks ecological validity
       • controlled and standerdized
       • only used deep sea divers- cant generalise
       • practical aplications- exams sat in same room as lesson
   • state dependent
     • referes to physiological state a person is in when encoding info.
       • E.G. when you are sad and hear a story you will withh recall it bette when you are sad
     • overton
       • METHOD: got participents to learn words either drunk or sober
       • RESULTS: recall was worse when participents were in different states

3. EVALUATE

   • P: range of supporting studies E: Goden and Baddley/ oveton/carter E: supported by lab and feild studies, increases the validity
   • P: artificial tasks E: Godden and baddeley- people learning uderwater E: lacks ecological validity, so results cant be applied to real life
   • P: practical applications E: lessons and exams, keep exams in the same room the kids learn E: helps students do better in exams
   • P: issues with context E: Baddley and goddn used underwater and land E: states are not diferent enough in real life, so forgetteing isnt as bad in terms of being effected by the enviroment