Motivation.

Motivation.

1. Well motivated staff

   • Benefits for the business loyal, committed, reduces turnover, enthusiastic, hard working which increases productivity, punctual,enjoy work (less 'sickies'), provides better customer service, support each other , work towards company aims/objecitives

2. Demotivated Staff

   • Disadvantages for the business Arrive late/pull sickie, slower to react to request from management, leave their jobs(higher staff turnover), poor working environment, poor work, poor customer service

3. Benefits for the employee, Enjoy going to work- not seeing it as hassle or stressful, increases quality of life,makes them feel valued and important which increases confidence, creates aspiration to progress along the career ladder

4. Disadvantages of not being motivated for the employee, they may 'pull sickies' which results in dismissal, be inefficient, will get overlooked for promotion, feel undervalued, less self esteem and confidence, can impact everyday life

5. Taylor's motivational theory, he thought it was the managers job to manage and deliver orders and that the employees job is to follow orders, HUMANS ARE MACHINES, people are motivated by money, paid by piece rate , reduces waste and increases efficiency

6. Elton Mayo- Behaviour Management, this theory believes that change in the job or environment , people WANT to feel values and motivated, mayo thought that employees prefer to be part of a collective(part of a group) the theory teachers that managers need to cater for the needs of those groups

7. McGregor's Theory X vs Theory Y, he divided managers into two types,

   • Theory X take the view that , people don't really like work and avoid it if possible, they need incentives for the company to achieve aims, people need to be pushed, threatened and driven to get things done, people enjoy being told what to do they avoid responsibility and lack ambition therefore needing to be 'Managed'
   • Theory Y take the view that work is a natural activity which people enjoy, so management must create the right conditions, employees who identify with organisation's will be motivated to work hard, one way is self fulfilment(MASLOW) management should always do this, Given the opportunity people learn to seek responsiblilty, people will contribute to organisation's objectives if they are able to, peoples full potential is reached in the workplace

8. Herzberg's two factor theory of motivators and hygiene factors, he identified 9 factors he called 'dissatisfiers' which could cause problems like low production, dislike of change these are HYGIENE FACTORS, these are things like low pay, poor working conditions, confrontational relationships, unfair management, feeling inadequate

   • motivational factors are based on the individual needs for personal growth. when they exist, motivator factors actively create job satisfaction. if effective they can create individuals to achieve above average performance and effort. Motivators are: recognition and performance, provides challenges, sense of achievement, assumption of responsibility, chance for promotion .

9. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. 5 tier pyramid of needs, the levels need to be achieved for the the bottom up. Employers cannot directly provide all 5 tiers. Maslow was an American psychologist whose work has a major influence on management thinking. The hierarchy suggests that everyone has similar types of needs

   • physiological/basic needs - Requirement for food, clothes and shelter(earn income and good working conditions). Safety needs- Need for security, a secure job, rest periods, sickness schemes, safe working environment, clear lines of accountability and responsibility. Social needs- desire for friendship, being part of a team (staff room/ canteens) Esteem Needs- need to have self respect and respect from others, gain recognition and promotion. Self Actualisation- fulfilling potential through actions and achievements, be able to use their skills and talents to the full. Maslow thought this could never be filled fully and thought people would always strive to develop further

10. Extrinsic motivation, this is where you are motivated to complete something because there is a reward at the end of it

11. Intrinsic motivations this is where you are motivated to do something for the internal gratification for example the reward of actually doing it

12. Types of rewards. Financial- reward that is in your pay packet at the end of the week/month. Non-financial - a reward that is not monetary

    • Non financial motivation- job enrichment (different tasks) job enlargement more responsibility no pay rise, job rotation factory workers move around every 15 mins, team work team building days , reward schemes employee of the month, job enrichment good facilities

13. Laws that protect the well being of staff - working time regulations, The Employment Act 2002, Minimum wage laws

    • Working time regulations, UK must comply with the EU which says that employees over 18 must have 4 weeks paid holiday per year, work no more than 6 days a week, have a 20 min break every 6 hours, work no more than 48 hours in a week
      • The Employment Act 2002 this allows specific time off for maternity and paternity leave, those adopting can have 6 month paid leave followed by 6 months unpaid
        • Minimum wage laws , this was introduced to stop employees being paid less than the laid down minimum . Rates depends on age. rates raised from time to time to ensure low paid unskilled get a reasonable wage