Learning Theories

Learning Theories

1. Behaviorism

   • Behaviorism refers to a psychological approach which emphasizes scientific and objective methods of investigation. The approach is only concerned with observable stimulus-response behaviors. Also, it states all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. 
   • Pavlov
   • Skinner

2. Cognitivism

   • The cognitivist revolution replaced behaviorism in 1960s as the dominant paradigm. Cognitivism focuses on the inner mental activities – opening the “black box" of the human mind is valuable and necessary for understanding how people learn. Mental processes such as thinking, memory, knowing, and problem-solving need to be explored. Knowledge can be seen as schema or symbolic mental constructions. Learning is defined as change in a learner’s schemata.
   • Piaget

3. Social Constructivism

   • Social constructivism is a theory of learning which draws heavily on the work of the Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky. It suggests that learners add to and reshape their mental models of reality through social collaboration, building new understandings as they actively engage in learning experiences. Scaffolding, or guidance, is provided by teachers or more experienced peers in the learner’s zone of proximal development, that is, the zone between what a learner can achieve independently and what s/he may achieve with support
   • Vygotsky

Imagens e arquivos do mapa

• A Brief Overview of 4 Learning Theories (Incorporar)
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