LTM

LTM

1. amnesia

   • general characteristics
     • STM intact
     • memory for language and concepts is intact
     • severe and lasting anterograde amnesia
     • there will be retrograde amnesia
     • skill learning, conditioning and priming intact

2. ribot's law

   • recently formed memories are more susceptible to impairment than older memories

3. secondary memory is ltm (james)

4. long-term memory types

   • non-declarative/implicit memory
     • procedural memory
       • skill learning
       • choking/paralysis by analysis
     • habit learning
       • used to investigate: probabilistic classification learning
         • learning a set of associations that can't readily be memorised and information from across many trials must be used to complete the task
       • memory acquired over time through repeated associations between stimuli and responses
     • priming
       • exposure to a stimulus affects a subsequent response
       • category exemplar tasks
   • declarative/explicit memory
     • semantic memory
       • permastore
       • metamemory
         • the ability to monitor and inspect the content of memory
           • 'i am 100% sure of this'
           • the likelihood that we know something which we can't currently recall
     • episodic memory
       • three key properties
         • associated with our subjective sense of time
         • there's a connection to the self
         • mental time travel is associated with autonomic consciousness
           • allows us to use memory to relive past events and imagine ourselves in the future
       • autobiographical memories
         • déjà vu
           • mechanisms:
             • split perception
               • getting a brief glimpse of a visual scene before becoming fully aware of it
             • implicit memory
               • a feeling of familiarity when re-encountering scene you have already (partly) experienced
             • gestalt familiarity
               • scene we encounter closely resembles other encountered scene
     • false memories
       • imagination inflation
         • strengthening of a false memory through repeated retrieval
       • disputed memories
         • the ownership of the memory is unclear (siblings)

5. schemas help produce expectations that reduce the ambiguity of new situations

   • schemas are organised memory structures that allow us to apply past experience to novel situations to guide behaviour

6. prospective memory

   • memory that allows us to remember to perform certain actions
   • action slip
     • an action being completed when it wasn't intended
   • event-based
     • triggered by a particular cue
   • time-based
     • triggered by a particular time
       • pulses
         • intentions that are time-locked ('oven in 30 minutes')
       • steps
         • intentions with wider time frame ('call john this week')
   • OCD deficit prospective memory