Sleeping Sickness: Trypanosoma brucei

Sleeping Sickness: Trypanosoma brucei

1. Sleeping Sickness

   • Symptoms
     • First Stage
       • Chancre at the site of the fly bite
       • Winterbottom's Sign: Swollen cervical Lymph Nodes
     • Second Stage
       • Mood changes
       • Lethargy
       • Insomnia at night
       • Sleepy during the day
   • Cause
     • Protozoa
       • Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
         • Humans Only
       • Trypanosoma brucei rhodeiense
         • Animals and humans
     • Vector
       • Tsetse Fly
       • Both Male and Female can transmit the infection
   • Transmission
     • When the fly takes a blood meal
   • Trypanosoma brucei
     • Morphology
       • Motile
       • Undulating Free Membrane
       • Free Flagellum
     • Type
       • Hemoflagellate: Feed on Blood
       • Kinoplast: Circular DNA in large mitochondria
     • Discovered
       • Sir David Bruce
     • Replication
       • Fly
         • Procyclics: Binary Fission
       • Human
         • Metacyclic trypomastigotes: Replicate at infection site
         • Long-slender form: Binary Fission
   • Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG)
     • Host antibody-mediated lysis due to VSG on protozoa coat
   • Control
     • Diagnosis
       • Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test (CATT)
       • Lumber puncture: Trypanosomes in the cerebrospinal fluid in stage 2
     • Vector
       • Insecticide-treated surfaces
       • Sterile Insect technique: Breed lab males (Infertile offspring) to compete with wildtype males.
     • Treatment
       • 1st Stage
         • T.b.r : Suramin
         • T.b.g: Pentamide
       • 2nd Stage
         • T.b.r: Melarsoprol
         • T.b.g: Eflornithine
   • Epidemiology
     • Central Africa