COLIC

COLIC

1. OTHER

   • ULCERATION
     • gastric ulceration - gastric acid (hydrochloric acid secreted by parts of the stomach lining), and, to a lesser degree, the digestive enzyme pepsin, irritating the lining of the stomach, causing ulceration.
   • INFLAMMATION
     • e.g  colitis - inflammation of the colon. discomfort and pain in the abdomen that may be mild and reoccurring over a long period of time, or severe and appearing suddenly. peritonitis -  inflammation of the membranes of the abdominal wall and organs. life-threatening. hepatitis - inflammatory condition of the liver. It's commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis. These include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol.

2. GASTROINTESTINAL

   • GIT OBSTRUCTION
     • DISPLACEMENT - STRANGULATION
       • blood supply will be affected leading to ischaemia or infarcts 
       • INTUSSCEPTION
         • telescoping  usually this is secondary to hypermobility
       • HERNIA
         • INTERNAL
           • through a whole in the mesentery or muscle
         • EXTERNAL
           • umbilical or inguinal are examples
       • VOLVULUS
         • rotation around the vertical axis - for example twisting two ropes together can happen about lipomas
       • TORSION
         • rotation around the longitudinal axis - for example when you wring out a wet towel
     • NON-STRANGULATION
       • involves no gut necrosis
       • PHYSICAL OBSTRUCTION
         • e.g sand, feed, parasites, enteroliths, displaced gut segment
       • FUNCTIONAL OBSTRUCTION
         • e.g ileus - secondary to many things, local and systemic inflammation, electrolytes imbalances, trauma grass sickness - degeneration of myenteric plexus the plexus helps regulate peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract.
   • ARTERITIS
     • e.g strongylus vulgaris larval migration when the L3 larvae of S. vulgaris emerge from the stomach lining in large numbers