1.1 Concept Map

1.1 Concept Map

1. All living things are made of cells.

   • Every cell is surrounded by a membrane
   • All Cells have genetic material
     • Found in the cytoplasm, nucleoid region, in prokaryotes
     • Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
     • Genetic material is required for instructions that fuel the cells activities.
       • The DNA is used to make proteins (such as enzymes) that catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell.
   • Cells have their own energy release system that powers all cell activities.
   • Cells are the smallest living structure. Nothing smaller can survive.
   • Smallest organisms are unicellular, single celled
   • Larger organisms are MULTICELLULAR

2. There are exceptions to the cell theory!

   • Exceptions are organisms or pats of organisms that do not consist of typical cells.
   • Striated Muscle are built of muscle "fibers" which are not like typical cells.
     • These fibers are far larger than most animal cells
       • They can be as large as 30mm where most human cells are .03mm in length.
     • They do not just have one nucleus, they can have as many as several hundred!
   • Aseptate Hypha - Fungi is another exception
     • Fungi consist of narrow thread like structures called hyphae which usually have septa that divide it into many sections.
       • In Aseptate fungi, however, there are no septa. Just a long tube that is flowing and has many muclei spread throughout it.
   • Giant Algae grow much larger than typical cells. It can grow as large as 100mm in length. Most organisms that big are multicellular!

3. Cells have a limitation on size

   • Cell size is limted based on surface area to volume ratios.
     • If the volume gets too big, the cell will not be able to get rid of wastes fast enough
     • If the volume gets to big it won't be able to process nutrients fast enough!

4. All cells must carry out the life processes!

   • MR. H. GREN
     • Metabolism
     • Reproduction
     • Homeostasis
     • Growth
     • Response
     • Excretion
     • Nutrition