learning approach - social learning

learning approach - social learning

1. assumptions

   • Bandura
     • we learn through experience
     • but there is a different way people learn
     • through imitation

2. vicarious reinforcement

   • learning needs observation
   • occurs more if the model is rewarded or punished
   • observes behaviour and consequences of it

3. mediational processes

   • learning theory => SLT <= cognitive
     • ARMM
       • attention
         • the extent we notice behaviours
       • retention
         • how well the behaviour is rememberedd
       • motor reproduction
         • the ability the observer has to perform the behaviour
       • motivation
         • the will to perform the behaviour (vicarious reinforcement increases the likelihood of this)

4. identification

   • more likely to repeat if you can identify
   • called role models
   • similar characteristics - but have high status

5. evaluation

   • cognitive factors
     • you cannot learn just by conditioning you need information about the behaviour of others
     • store information about behaviour to make judgements
     • thus is a more comprehensive explanation of human learning
   • over reliance form lab studies
     • Bandura did lots of his experiments in a lab
       • demand characteristics
       • is the main purpose of the Bobo doll to hit it?
       • is it reliable?
   • underestimates biological factors
     • Bandura - boys ore aggressive than girls
       • biological - hormones = more aggressive

6. evaluation +

   • cultural differences
     • learn from people and media around
     • this can prove a different range of behaviours
     • can come to understand gender roles
   • less determinist
     • Bandura - reciprocal determinism
       • not merely influenced by external environment but also exert an influence upon it
       • some free will

7. Bobo doll Bandura

   • 1961 - watched adults be nice then aggressive to the doll then copied the behaviour
   • 1963 - showed videos of vicarious reinforcement with the doll(praised and punished)