ABSTINENCE SYNDROME

ABSTINENCE SYNDROME

1. Maternal substance abuse during pregnancy consitis of any use of alcohol or drugs

2. PHYSICAL WITHDRAWAL AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - 1. Opiate -Rapid changes in mood, hypersensitivity to noise and external stimuli, dehydration and poor weight gain. 2. Heroin - Low birth weight and SGA, decreased Moro reflexes, and hypothermia or hyperthermia. 3. Methadone - An increased incidence of seizures, sleep pattern disturbances, higher birth weights and higher risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. 4.Marijuana - Preterm birth and meconium staining. 5. Amphetamine - Pre-term or SGA, drowsiness, jitteriness, sleep pattern disturbances, respiratory distress, frequent infections, poor weight gain, emotional disturbances, and delayed growth and development. 6. Fetal alcohol syndrome - facial anomalies, mouth with small such, small teeth, cleft lip or palate, deafness, abnormal palmar creases and irregular hair. Many vital organs abnormalies, developmental delays and neurologic abnormalities, prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, sleep disturbances. 7. Tobacco - Prematurity

   • low birth weight, increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome, increased risk of bronchitis, pneumonia, developmental delays.
   • Make all drugs CAPITAL LETTER
   • MORO REFLEX DEFINED - Normal relex for an infant when he or she is startled or feels like they are falling. The infant will have a "startled" look and the arms will fling out sideways with the palms up and the thumb flexed. Absence of the Moro reflex in newborn infants is abnormal and may indicate an injury or disease.

3. NURSING CARE - 1. ASSESS/MONITOR r IV site frequently. 2. Check for any medications incompatibilities. 3. REDUCE EXTERNAL STIMULI .4. SWADDLE THE NEWBORN to reduce self-stimulation and protect the skin from abrasions. 5. ADMINISTER FREQUENT, SMALL FEEDINGS of high-calorie formula-may need gavage feedings. 6. ELEVATE THE INFANT'S HEAD during and followings feedings and burp the infant to reduce vomiting and aspiration. 7. TRYING VARIOUS NIPPLES to compensate for a poor such reflex. 8. HAVE A SUCTION available to reduce the risk for aspiration. 9. FOR NEWBORNS ADDICTED TO COCAINE, avoid eye contact and use vertical rocking and a pacifier. 10. PREVENT INFECTION. 11. INITIATE A CONSULT WITH child protective services. 12. CONSULT LACTATION SERVICES to evaluate if breastfeeding is CONTRAINDICATED or desired.

   • GAVAGE FEEDING- Nasogastric feeding.

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