Relationships

Relationships

1. Formation of Relationships

   • AO1
     • Reward/Need Satisfaction Theory
       • Byrne & Clore
       • Uses elements of Pavlov and Skinner's conditioning research
     • Similarity Theory
       • Byrne, Clore & Smeaton
       • Two Stages
         • 2. Find similarities
           • Similar personality traits match
             • Reis
           • Similar couples = longer marriage
             • Caspi
         • 1. Sort dissimilarities
   • AO2
     • 2
       • Evolutionary benefits of one 'focussed' love
         • Aron
       • Reward level very important in satisfaction levels in r/s
         • Cate
     • 3
       • Other factors: economic level, self-concept & physical condition
         • Yoshida
       • Similar body fat levels common in r/s formation
         • Speakman
     • 1
       • Positive comments about work = more attractive
         • Griffitt & Guay
       • Some cultures women more focussed on others feelings rather than receiving rewards
         • Lott
     • 4
       • Across cultural similarity (more valid than R/N Theory)
         • Singh & Tan
       • Lessens the chance of rejection and validates own beliefs
         • Crano

2. Maintenance of Relationships

   • AO1
   • AO2

3. Breakdown of Relationships

   • AO1
     • Process of Breakdown
       • Rollie & Duck
     • Reasons for Breakdown
       • Duck
   • AO2

4. Sexual Selection

   • AO1
   • AO2

5. Parental Investment

   • A01
     • Parental Investment Theory
       • Trivers
       • Investment made by parent that increase survival chances of offspring at the cost of investing in another
       • Sex differences
         • Women invest more due to less gametes and higher metabolic cost
         • Men invest less due to lots of gametes and no metabolic cost
     • Paternal uncertainity
       • Miller
       • Men have greater concern about mates fidelity as unable to know if child is theirs
     • Cuckoldry
       • Buss
       • Sexual jealousy evolved as response to fear of investing in a child that is not biologically related (waste of resources)
         • Women are more emotionally jealous due to a fear of loss of support/resources
   • AO2
     • 4
       • Quality and dynamics of relationship (ie. work/divorce)
       • US men and women invest similar whereas lots of non-Western cultures investment ratio is different
         • Geary
     • 3
       • Step-fathers 60x more likely to kill partner's offspring
       • No difference in invest between biological and step-fathers
         • Anderson
     • 2
       • No difference in the perception of investment (male vs female)
         • Geher
       • Men are less biologically prepared
     • 1
       • Men do invest = beneficial
         • Dunbar
       • Men provide resources (food, housing) = increasing survival chances
         • Reid
       • Female-female couples invest more
         • Prickett

6. Culture

   • AO1
   • AO2

7. Childhood

   • AO1
   • AO2