Radicalism

Radicalism

1. London

   • What ideas?
     • August 1643- Death, loss of property of war blamed on London
     • Royalist: Berkenhead (Aug 1643) says how London to blame for dissolving Monarchy, enslaving law and ruining country
     • Pro-Parliament pamphlet: July 1648: London was the first to oppose oppression, first leader towards freedom
     • Long Parliament issues
       • Definition of consent in terms of the king and people
       • Debate to understand commoners wants
       • Authority and reason in society
       • Government affairs becoming more open: king's advisors
       • Governing elite extend political discussion to the people
       • Managing politicised population: use to push policies, control to prevent social breakdown
     • City council radicals place people, not king at centre of political process. ****
   • How were they expressed?
     • In Pamphlets
     • Direct action: London Crowd January 1642
       • Standoff at Turnham Green: Lord Brooke rallies London merchants
       • Wives Billingsgate fishmongers marched behind goddess of war for Parliament
     • In the Long Parliament
     • By petition: 1643 City Council 'Petition and Remonstrance' ****

2. Pampheleteering

   • What ideas?
     • Discredit Charles/Royalists
       • 2: Intro: King's counsels wholly managed by the queen
         • 2: Suspend anti-catholic legislation, bring Catholic army, from King to Marquis of Ormond
     • 3: Attacking New Model Army religious radicalism
     • 4:Defending the true reformed Protestant religion
     • 5: Presbyterian puritans argue against advocates of form of Congregationalism from New World
     • 6: Preferring compulsory membership of reformed state church vs religious liberty
     • Opinionated commentary and satirical cartoons criticising either side
   • How were they expressed?
     • 1: Newspapers
       • 10+ titles, weekly basis
     • 2: The King's Cabinet Opened
       • Fled Naseby 1645
       • Pro-Parliament printers publish within month
     • Pamphlets
       • 3: such as Thomas Edward's
       • 4: 1640-43, 400 pamphlets
       • 5: By 1643
       • 6: By 1647

3. New Model Army

   • What ideas?
     • 2: Subvert the church
       • Richard Baxter
       • Puritan zealots ie Cromwell
     • 1: Oppose the king
     • Civilian religious separatism
   • How were they expressed?
     • 2: By fighting against "the Antichrist" or Papist soldiers
     • 1: By fighting him on the battlefield
     • Congregational Church at Dagger Lane in Hull, founded by local garrison chaplain John Canne

4. Definitions

   • A departure from tradition
   • Support for complete political or social reform